the wepp physically model is able to dynamically simulate runoff and soil erosion using physical concepts of erosion and hydraulic of overland flow science considering plant growth, residue decomposition, winter process. determination of the capability of this model in runoff and erosion estimation in different range type with investigation the effects of management were the main objectives of ...

Abstract The present study investigates the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length S in downhill direction from fire source a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation. Numerical simulations were conducted using FDS to flow behaviors for with nine slopes of 0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% 8%. It was found that, due stack effect, stagnated at distance direction. effects slope, ? , heat r...

The soil roughness at the field level is an easy visually perceptible notion, but difficult to describe numerically. The objective of this paper is to propose a method to establish quantitative and descriptive soil roughness indices. A measurement system was developed using a laptop-computer and a laser cell. The elevation data are measured on the ground along a square array. They are treated w...

The first-order small slope approximation is applied to model the scattering strength from a rough surface in underwater acoustics to account for seafloor for high frequencies from 10 kHz to hundreds of kilohertz. Emphasis is placed on simulating the response from two-dimensional anisotropic rough surfaces. Several rough surfaces are described based on structure functions such as the particular...

One of the spatial abilities that has recently revealed a remarkable variability in performance is that of using terrain slope to reorient. Previous studies have shown a very large disadvantage for females when the slope of the floor is the only information useful for encoding a goal location. However, the source of this sex difference is still unclear. The slope of the environment provides a d...

Based on our field investigations of landslide hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake, some findings can be reported: (1) the multi-aspect terrain facing empty isolated mountains and thin ridges reacted intensely to the earthquake and was seriously damaged; (2) the slope angles of most landslides was larger than 45°. Considering the above disaster phenomena, the reasons are analyzed based on shakin...

Results from studies of oculomotor tracking in one dimension have indicated that saccades are driven primarily by errors in position, whereas smooth pursuit movements are driven primarily by errors in velocity. To test whether this result generalizes to two-dimensional tracking, we asked subjects to track a target that moved initially in a straight line then changed direction. We found that the...

The movement of fecal pathogens from land to surface and ground water are of great interest because of the public health implications. Non-structural best management practices that control the timing, volume, and placement of animal manures are commonly used to limit opportunities for fecal pathogens to enter water bodies. Increased infiltration capacity, water and waste diversions, and vegetat...

directional felling of trees plays a key role in reducing of damages to forest residual trees and can also facilitate skidding. the aim of this study was presents a practical linear model for estimation of tree falling direction error in an uneven-aged mixed stand in northern forests of iran. to conduct the study a number of 95 trees of four species fagus orientalis lipsky, carpinus betulus l.,...