This paper offers an integrated analysis of the forces shaping the emergence of the African slave trade over the early modern period. We focus our attention on two questions. First, why most of the increase in the demand for slaves during this period came exclusively from western Europeans. Second, and of most relevance for present-day development outcomes, why was the overwhelming majority of ...

The genre of the slave narrative is unique, and essential to African-American culture. Yet, up now, personally written stories describing journey freedom traveled by “heroic slaves”, writings that could well qualify as nonfiction, have received little attention outside US UK. This makes all more interesting attempt prominent Russian historian A. Cherkasov employ in history Caucasus, undertaken ...

The article focuses on how the legal process works for slaves who are subject to property law. In this study, factors such as violence, accusations of and internalization legitimization violence in Crimean society between 1675 1700 have been examined through study experience slaves. It will be evaluated separately whether raiding -one crucial sources livelihoods Tatars- had an impact violent ev...

We present a parallelization method based on message passing interface (MPI) for a Monte Carlo program for twodimensional and three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of ion implantations. We use a master–slave strategy where the master process synchronizes the slaves and performs the input–output operations, while the slaves perform the physical simulation. For this method the simulation domain is g...

Research on robots that accompany humans is being continuously studied. The Pet-Bot provides walking-assistance and object-carrying services without any specific controls through interaction between the robot and the human in real time. However, with Pet-Bot, there is a limit to the number of robots a user can use. If this limit is overcome, the Pet-Bot can provide services in more areas. There...

The investigation of medieval slavery is still rooted in an approach first laid down by the likes of Adam Smith and John Millar over two hundred years ago. They conceptualised history as a series of stages through which societies moved, driven by the motor of increasing economic sophistication. In this conceptualisation, slavery was an economic institution and its decline in Britain during the ...