BACKGROUND Filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutations lead to an impaired skin barrier associated with peanut allergy. Household peanut consumption is associated with peanut allergy, and peanut allergen in household dust correlates with household peanut consumption. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether environmental peanut exposure increases the odds of peanut allergy and whether FLG muta...

Guinea pigs immunized with intact or disrupted armadillo-grown human Mycobacterium leprae administered in aqueous or oil vehicles were tested with various dilutions of M. leprae suspended in saline, water-soluble M. leprae extract, purified protein derivative, and a water-soluble extract of normal armadillo tissue. The results demonstrated the following. (i) Under no conditions was any skin tes...

EDITSHAL and usually, as in the present case, constructional apraxia will be detected with or without ideational apraxia, alexia, or sensory agnosia. Interpretation of Gerstmann's syndrome as an easily demonstrated and memorable pointer to diffuse cerebral damage accords well with this case, where there is no reason to suspect a highly focal lesion. Gerstmann's syndrome does not seem to have be...

-Skin reactions on irradiated mouse feet were used to measure the radiosensitization of normal tissues by misonidazole (MISO). Fractionation schedules of 1, 2, 5 and 10 daily doses of X-rays were combined with either 100 mg/kg or 670 mg/kg MISO. When unanaesthetized mice were irradiated in air, significant sensitization was observed with both the high and low drug doses, in all fractionation sc...

The development of non-animal skin sensitization test methods and strategies is quickly progressing. Either individually or in combination, the predictive capacity is usually described in comparison to local lymph node assay (LLNA) results. In this process the important lesson from other endpoints, such as skin or eye irritation, to account for variability reference test results - here the LLNA...

Food allergy is a serious public health problem with an increasing prevalence. Current management is limited to food avoidance and emergency treatment. Research into the pathogenesis of food allergy has helped to shape our understanding of how patients become sensitized to an allergen. Classically, food sensitization was thought to occur through the gastrointestinal tract, but alternative route...

BACKGROUND Immune specific genes as well as genes regulating the formation of skin barrier are major determinants for eczema manifestation. There is a debate as to whether allergic sensitization and filaggrin gene (FLG) variants lead to eczema or FLG variants and eczema increase the risk of allergic sensitization. To investigate the time-order between eczema and allergic sensitization with resp...

BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is a chronic condition that often requires long-term management to eradicate the causative fungus, allow a healthy nail to grow, and prevent relapse. As a successful outcome depends highly on patient adherence with treatment, a low risk of periungual skin irritation with topical medication is clinically relevant. OBJECTIVES To study the potential for efinaconazole 10%...

BACKGROUND There is increased emphasis on the role of indoor allergens in asthma. OBJECTIVE To examine the spectrum of skin test reactivity (sensitization) to indoor allergens and its correlation with asthma severity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS Asthmatic patients referred to the allergy clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah were studied. Measures of clinical sev...

For the prediction of skin sensitization potential of substances, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an alternative to the widely used guinea pig tests. For more than 10 years, this method has undergone extensive development, evaluation, and validation. In this review, the validation status of the LLNA is considered, specifically with regard to its use for regulatory identification of ...