The age-related changes in the electrical and physiological properties of the skin were examined in rats at the ages of 5, 10, 21, 90, and 180 d. The resistance of the stratum corneum, the resistance of the viable skin (epidermis and dermis), and the capacitance of the stratum corneum were analyzed from skin impedance data using an equivalent circuit. With development and aging, the resistance ...

Current EEG research approaches are focusing on developing new dry electrode EEG (electroencephalogram) systems providing a high enough signal quality for a wide range of applications. This study proposes several parameters for evaluating signal quality of dry electrodes and relates the results to skin-electrode contact impedance magnitude values. The EEG recordings of a Ag/AgCl pinned electrod...

This paper is to present a defect detecting and locating method of tubular cylindrical conductor based on alternating current impedance measurement theory. A defect estimation can be made through the impedance measurement of some distance on the inner and the outer surfaces of the tubular cylindrical conductor. A defect in the thickness direction can be located by the skin effect influence on i...

In this study, we developed a technique for high-throughput screening (HTS) of skin penetration-enhancers using stratum corneum lipid liposomes (SCLLs). A fluorescent marker, sodium fluorescein (FL), entrapped in SCLLs was prepared to provide a preliminary evaluation of the effect of different concentrations of ethanol on the disruption effect of SCLLs, which is an alternative for skin penetrat...

This paper focuses on the problem of high and/or imbalanced electrode-skin impedances changing electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology. After reproducing ECG interference in a controlled laboratory setting-similar to what was observed during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery- and then understanding the cause, this knowledge was applied to clinical settings. Most interference was reduced by using electr...

The present study describes a measurement-based model of electric image generation in the weakly electric mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersii. Measurements of skin impedance, internal resistivity and fish body dimensions have been used to generate an electrical-equivalent model of the fish and to calculate electrical images and equivalent dipole sources for elementary resistive objects. These ca...

BACKGROUND ECG (Electrocardiogram) measurements in home health care demands new sensor solutions. In this study, six different configurations of screen printed conductive ink electrodes have been evaluated with respect to electrode potential variations and electrode impedance. METHODS The electrode surfaces consisted of a Ag/AgCl-based ink with a conduction line of carbon or Ag-based ink unde...

An important aim of nondestructive evaluation is to quantify flaws in components using sensor measurements. In pursuit of this aim, a method has been developed for finding the size and shape of planar cracks in electrical conductors from single-frequency eddy-current probe impedance measurements. In the direct problem, the change in the impedance of an eddycurrent probe due to a crack in a cond...