It is generally accepted that there are limits to the efficient educative contact between pupil and teacher. The number of pupils per teacher as set by the educational theorist varies from one to thirty or forty. In practice, classes of from fifteen to thirty are the rule in private schools where expense is not an all-important determining element. In public school systems where the budget must...

* Supported by a grant from the Graduiertenkolleg " Analyse und Konstruktion in der Mathematik " , RWTH Aachen.

Schooling has multiple purposes. In the long run, higher levels of schooling are associated with higher earnings and economic mobility, better health, lower mortality rates, and greater democratic participation. For these reasons, most societies require children to attend school for a specified number of years or until they reach a certain age. Many of the benefits of schooling occur in part be...

In this study, demineralization of cheese whey by sequential nanofltration (NF) and electrodialysis (ED) methods was investigated. For the NF step, two NF membranes labeled as NF-270 and NF-90 were tested. Approximately 90% of protein and lactose rejections were obtained with partial demineralization during NF step. For full demineralization of the NF permeate, NF follo...

The current literature includes limited information on the classification precision of Bayes estimation for latent class analysis (BLCA). (1) Objectives: present study compared BLCA with robust maximum likelihood (MLR) procedure, which is default procedure Mplus 8.0 software. (2) Method: Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate two-, three-, and four-class models measured by f...

In the past 20 years, defect prediction studies have generally acknowledged effect of class size on software performance. To quantify relationship between object-oriented (OO) metrics and defects, modelling has to take into account direct, potentially indirect, effects defects. However, some shown that cannot be simply controlled or ignored, when building models. As such, there remains a questi...

Even where a total allocation of resources is f'Lxed, it is often possible to vary the distribution of the given resources. This distribution can have important, if sometimes hidden, consequences. In the case of universities, considering the mean class size as given, three nonobvious consequences of the amount of variation in class size are examined. (1) The average class size experienced by st...