Airports are often a capacity-limiting constraint for the rest of the National Airspace System (NAS). A recent effort investigated methods to improve surface operations by supplying optimized scheduling and sequencing advisories for the Ground and Local controllers working at Air Traffic Control Towers. The tool is collectively known as the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA). A series of...

Airports are often a capacity-limiting constraint for the rest of the National Airspace System (NAS). A recent effort investigated methods to improve surface operations by supplying optimized scheduling and sequencing advisories for the Ground and Local controllers working at Air Traffic Control Towers. The tool is collectively known as the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA). A series of...

Few previous studies of driver situation awareness (SA) have focused on behavior in hazard negotiation. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of hazard exposure on driver SA and interactions with age and roadway complexity. Ten young (18–25 yrs) and ten older (65–81 yrs) participants drove in a simulator under two levels of environment complexity (simple – rural vs. complex – ...

In this paper we argue for a human-in-the-loop approach to the study of situation awareness in computer defence analysis (CDA). The cognitive phenomenon of situation awareness (SA) has received significant attention in cybersecurity/CDA research. Yet little of this work has attended to the cognitive aspects of situation awareness in the CDA context; instead, the human operator has been treated ...

Equipment operators play an integral role in the safe and efficiency operation of heavy equipment. They observe the environment, understand the situation, and make decisions and actions accordingly. Compared with other types of equipment, operating a crane is more sophisticated and mentally demanding, and thus crane operators are more vulnerable to human errors. Therefore, special consideration...

A computational model of attention and situation awareness (SA) was developed and used to predict pilot errors in the task of taxiing from runway to terminal. The model incorporates a lowlevel perception/attention module and a higher-level belief-updating module. Attentional scanning is controlled by bottom-up and top-down processes, with the effectiveness of top-down guidance varying as a func...

and two anonymous reviewers under the editorship of Roger Schvaneveldt.

1. SUMMARY from a set of desired states or goals, the dynamics of the controlled system and the interactions between system variables. This knowledge forms an internal representation or mental model of the process to be controlled. The concept of a mental model, which the operator develops and draws upon when making operational decisions, is central to the idea of situation awareness, and has b...

This paper d@nes situation awareness (SA) and discusses its importance to operator-machine system safety and functioning in the context ofprocess control activities. Specifical[v, identified are relationships of human detection of critical process cues conveying the status of automated control systems and operator interpretation of the meaning and relevance of such information to the potential ...

Situation awareness (SA) has garnered much recent attention in the human factors community. SA inherently requires a systems perspective, as it concerns the degree of adaptive coupling between human cognition and an external environment. As such, we present an SA modeling approach giving equal attention to both the cognitive and external components of a humanenvironment system, in the realm of ...