Satellite altimetry and tide gauges are the two main techniques used to measure sea level. Due limitations of satellite altimetry, a high-quality unified level model from coast open ocean has traditionally been difficult achieve. This study proposes fusion approach gauge data based on deep belief network (DBN) method. Taking Mediterranean Sea as case area, progressive three-step experiment was ...

As altimeter satellites approach coastal areas, the number of valid sea surface height measurements decrease dramatically because of land contamination. In recent years, different methodologies have been developed to recover data within 10–20 km from the coast. These include computation of geophysical corrections adapted to the coastal zone and retracking of raw radar echoes. In this paper, we ...

The mean sea level trend estimates from shorter records (less than 50 years) are easily influenced by a number of additional transient effects including atmospheric pressure variations, interannual and decadal changes in the mean sea level or various station dependent disturbances, which are not always accounted for in previous studies because their influences may be negligible for stations lon...

The prediction of global sea-level rise is one of the major challenges of climate science. While process-based models are still being improved to capture the complexity of the processes involved, semi-empirical models, exploiting the observed connection between global-mean sea level and global temperature and calibrated with data, have been developed as a complementary approach. Here we investi...