Volume Bragg grating (VBG) with refractive index modulation (RIM) apodized with sinusoidal semiperiod profile is studied theoretically and experimentally. An apodized VBG of this type was fabricated with a sequential recording of two VBGs with slightly different resonant Bragg wavelengths in the same glass wafer. As a result, a moiré pattern was produced with a constant average refractive index...

We present an idea for creation of a crystalline undulator and report its first realization. One face of a silicon crystal was given periodic microscratches (grooves) by means of a diamond blade. The x-ray tests of the crystal deformation due to a given periodic pattern of surface scratches have shown that a sinusoidal-like shape is observed on both the scratched surface and the opposite (unscr...

We propose a depth evaluation method which utilizes a liquid crystal projector. The method is based on the phase shift technique. A sinusoidal grating pattern is used. The phase wrap problem is solved by the introduction of hierarchical pattern projection starting from one-cycle sinusoidal grating. We assume that the object have a diffusive and specular surface. Then the specular surface genera...

A simple interferometric method is described to measure the time-dependent deformation of piezoelectric bimorphs driven by ac voltage. Applying this method to a bimorph assembly used to measure viscoelastic forces in a surface forces apparatus, we find that a sinusoidal-shaped harmonic drive voltage generates sinusoidal deformation but that a triangular-shaped harmonic drive voltage fails to pr...

The technique used to control the airflow is based on the electro-hydrodynamic actuator which is also called plasma actuator. This actuator ensures the airflow control thanks to the electric wind created by the electrical corona discharge. This ionic wind is developed at the profile surface tangential to the initial free airflow so that it has a significant effect on the boundary layer flow. Th...

An analytical solution is presented for the electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric circular cylinder embedded in a dielectric half-space with a slightly rough interface. The solution utilizes the spectral (plane-wave) representation of the fields and accounts for all the multiple interactions between the rough interface and the buried cylinder. First-order coefficients from the small pert...

A method of speech enhancement is developed that reconstructs clean speech from a set of acoustic features using a sinusoidal model of speech. This is a significant departure from traditional filtering-based methods of speech enhancement. A major challenge with this approach is to estimate accurately the acoustic features (voicing, fundamental frequency, spectral envelope) from noisy speech. Th...

When a polymer film that is weakly attached to a rigid substrate is exposed to solvent, swelling-induced compressive stress nucleates buckle delamination of the film from the substrate. Surprisingly, the buckles do not have a sinusoidal profile, instead, the film near the delamination buckles slides toward the buckles causing growth of sharp folds of high aspect ratio. These folds do not result...

Thanks to the high counting statistics provided by a recent XMM-Newton observation of RX J1856.5–3754 we have discovered that this isolated neutron star pulsates at a period of 7.055 s. This confirms that RX J1856.5–3754 is similar in nature to the the other six thermally emitting, nearby neutron stars discovered in soft X–rays with ROSAT. The pulsations are detected at consistent periods in se...

The multifunctional scavenger receptor stabilin-1 (STAB1, FEEL-1, CLEVER-1, KIAA0246) was originally identified as the MS-1 antigen, expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells in human spleen. Extensive histological studies revealed that stabilin-1 is also expressed by tissue macrophages and sinusoidal endothelial cells in the healthy organism; its expression on both macrophages and different su...