BACKGROUND The disease burden related to mental disorders and metabolic syndrome is growing in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The Colombo Twin and Singleton Study (COTASS) is a population-based sample of twins and singletons in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Here we present prevalence estimates for metabolic syndrome (metS) and mental disorders from a follow-up (COTASS-2) of the original study (C...

The objective of this study was to determine the association between intracellular free AA (FAA) profiles in skeletal muscle with muscle growth in twin and singleton fetuses in late pregnancy and at weaning, under an ad libitum feeding regime of the dam. Plasma from singleton- (n = 9) and twin-bearing (n = 10) ewes at d 140 of pregnancy and FAA in the semitendinosus muscle (STM) from the corres...

In this report paper, we investigate two issues facing phrase-based machine translation (MT) systems such as Moses (Koehn et al., 2007): out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and singletons. MT systems typically ignore and directly output unknown or OOV source words into the target translation. On the other hand, for words which do not couple with their preceding or following words as phrases, as refer...

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that the medium used for culturing IVF embryos affects the birthweight of the resulting newborns. This observation with potentially far-reaching clinical consequences during later life, was made in singletons conceived during the first IVF treatment cycle after the transfer of fresh embryos. In the present study, we hypothesize that in vitro culture of embryo...

STUDY QUESTION Does prolonged in vitro culture influence newborn birthweight? SUMMARY ANSWER The absolute mean birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z scores) of singletons born from blastocyst transfer are higher than singletons born from Day 3 transfer. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An increased proportion of large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns occurs after blasto...

BACKGROUND Twins compared to singletons are at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). AIMS To compare the epidemiology of SIDS in twins and singletons and to test the hypothesis that monozygous (MZ) were at greater risk of SIDS than dizygous (DZ) twins. METHODS Data from the Office for National Statistics on all registered live births and infant deaths with registered cause ...

The twin method assumes that the trait under study is similar in twins and singletons so that the results from twin samples can be generalized to the singleton population. The purpose of the present study was to compare self-concept in twins and singletons matched in parental level of education. The 6 cluster scales of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (P-H) were administered to 63...

Six experiments are reported investigating whether a discontinuity in colour can accrue attentional priority. In addition to a standard visual search paradigm, we examined the degree to which colour singletons and nonsingletons are susceptible to change blindness. Results showed that changes occurring at colour singletons were relatively more resistant to change blindness. Although suggestive o...

Fuzzy-logic models where singletons are placed in the consequents of rules of the type if x is Ai and y is Bj then zi = si are used nowadays in many soft computing applications. In this work we introduce the concept of floating singletons where their precise location on the real axis is only known at run-time. At design time some intervals are established where this special singletons are allow...

A total of 476 infants (386 singletons and 90 twins) born before 32 weeks' gestation were studied to compare long term growth and development in twins and singletons. At 18 months, after adjusting for confounding social, obstetric, and neonatal factors, twins were not disadvantaged in their neurodevelopmental status, but were 1.6 cm shorter than singletons and had thicker triceps and subscapula...