Rsv1, a single dominant resistance gene in soybean PI 96983 (Rsv1), confers extreme resistance against all known American strains of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), except G7 and G7d. SMV-G7 provokes a lethal systemic hypersensitive response (LSHR), whereas SMV-G7d, an experimentally evolved variant of SMV-G7, induces systemic mosaic. To identify the elicitor of Rsv1-mediated LSHR, chimeras were co...

Real-time behavior of a multi-tasking program running on a pre-emptive priority-based operating system is analyzed. The operating system and a collection of application tasks are modelled in Z. Real time is represented by an ordinary Z state variable. The model is adapted to a particular application by deening a state machine for each task and associating execution times with each state. The mo...

The biochemical function of the potyviral P3 protein is not known, although it is known to regulate virus replication, movement, and pathogenesis. We show that P3, the putative virulence determinant of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), targets a component of the translation elongation complex in soybean. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), a well-known host factor in viral pathogenesis, is essen...

BACKGROUND Genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant pathogens that are a major constraint to agriculture worldwide. In soybean, three dominant R genes, i.e., Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4, have been identified and deployed against Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) with strain-specificities. Molecular identification of virulent determinants of SMV on these resista...

UNLABELLED Treatment guidance for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) released by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) offers two options for interferon (IFN)-ineligible/intolerant individuals with genotype 1 infection: sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF/RBV) for 24 weeks or sofosbuvir/simeprevir (SOF/SMV) for 12 weeks. A 24-week co...

We propose an algorithm for creating a semantics-based, parameterized translator from the family of big-step modeling languages (BSMLs) to the input language of the model checker SMV. Our translator takes as input a specification in the CHTS notation and a set of user-provided parameters that encode the specification’s semantics; it produces an SMV model suitable for model checking. We use a mo...

For the practical development of provably correct software for embedded systems the close integration of CASE tools and verification tools is required. This paper describes the combination of the CASE tool AutoFocus with the model checker SMV. AutoFocus provides graphical description techniques for system structure and behavior. In AutoFocus, data types are specified in a functional style, whil...

Soybean is the most important legume crop in the world. Several diseases in soybean lead to serious yield losses in major soybean-producing countries. Moreover, soybean can be infected by diverse viruses. Recently, we carried out a large-scale screening to identify viruses infecting soybean using available soybean transcriptome data. Of the screened transcriptomes, a soybean transcriptome for s...

Portal vein (PV) thrombosis (PVT) is a rare condition with development of thrombosis in the PV and its branches. Further extension to the splenic and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) causes intestinal infarction, with a reported mortality of up to 50%. A variety of treatments for PVT exist including anticoagulation, thrombolysis, surgical thrombectomy, insertion of shunts, bypass surgery, and liv...