Three workers died from carbon dioxide poisoning in a partly underground silo which had been almost completely emptied of green forage. Two died at once, the third after five days without regaining consciousness. Several similar cases are reported in the literature. Wrede (1936) described a case of carbon dioxide poisoning which occurred in a cellar through the escape of gas from a beer barrel....

The dusty challenge Obtaining reliable level measurement has traditionally been a severe challenge because cement production is such a dusty process. During homogenization, for example, silos are continuously filled and emptied, and the component materials are constantly aerated to ensure good mixing. This creates a tremendous amount of dust that makes it difficult to obtain reliable readings w...

Statically-scheduled architectures such as very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures use very wide instruction words in conjunction with high bandwidth to the instruction cache to achieve multiple instruction issue. The encoding used for the instructions can have an e ect on the requirements placed on the instruction fetch and instruction cache hardware. One type of encoding is a compress...

We investigate, at a laboratory scale, the collapse of cylindrical shells of radius R and thickness t induced by a granular discharge. We measure the critical filling height for which the structure fails upon discharge. We observe that the silos sustain filling heights significantly above an estimation obtained by coupling standard shell-buckling and granular stress distribution theories. Two e...