SYNOPSIS Micrococcaceae isolated from the shunt, ventricles, and bloodstream of children with colonized ventriculo-venous shunts were classified within the scheme of Baird-Parker (1963). With one exception, all belonged to subgroup II of the genus Staphylococcus; tests were therefore devised for division within this subgroup, and results are reported in 30 cases from this and other hospitals. S...

If shunts, inserted for the relief of hydrocephalus, are pretreated with antimicrobials, the incidence of shunt-associated infections (SAI) may be reduced. The duration of the antibacterial activity of shunts, made from conventional silicon elastomer (SE) or from SE grafted with the hydrogel polyvinylpyrrolidone (SEpvp), which had been soaked in various antibiotics, was assessed in vitro. For a...

Contrast Ultrasound Techniques in the Detection and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale: Myth Versus Reality—A Clarification To the Editor: We were pleased to see that our research was cited in a Letter to the Editor in Stroke, particularly in the context of paradoxical embolization and cryptogenic stroke.1 However, in both the Letter to the Editor and the Response to the Letter to the Edito...

Serial tests for serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were carried out on 40 children undergoing cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery, to determine the pattern of appearance and disappearance of CRP in relation to this type of operation, in the absence of postoperative complications. Samples of sera from a further 268 children, 79 of whom presented after shunt surgery with symptoms suggesting infective ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is one of the most common posterior fossa tumors to occur in children. Our purpose was to document the frequency, location, and time of occurrence of intracranial calcifications in cranial CT studies of children with medulloblastoma. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed cranial CT studies of 56 patients diagnosed with medulloblastoma from 1983 through 199...

OBJECTIVE MRI plays an important role in the morphologic and functional evaluation of cardiovascular shunts. Good spatiotemporal resolution, inherent contrast resolution, wide FOV, and multiplanar imaging capabilities make MRI an ideal tool in the investigation of cardiovascular shunts. The velocity-encoded phase-contrast sequence is used in the quantification of a shunt and the steady-state fr...

With the goal of developing a practical method of performing noninvasive measurements of flow in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, transcutaneous thermal convection CSF shunt flow measurement was investigated using dimensional analysis, numerical modeling, and bench testing. Using appropriate manufacturing practices and controls, a microcontroller-based device was designed, constructed, and cli...

An anatomical-angiographic classification for carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is introduced and a series of 14 patients with spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is reviewed to illustrate the usefulness of such a classification for patient evaluation and treatment. Fistulas are divided into four types: Type A are direct high-flow shunts between the internal carotid artery and the caver...

Contrast Ultrasound Techniques in the Detection and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale: Myth Versus Reality—A Clarification To the Editor: We were pleased to see that our research was cited in a Letter to the Editor in Stroke, particularly in the context of paradoxical embolization and cryptogenic stroke.1 However, in both the Letter to the Editor and the Response to the Letter to the Edito...

A novel sequential tuning procedure for passive piezoelectric shunts targeting multiple structural modes is proposed in this work. The control authority on each targeted mode can be quantitatively chosen ab initio and shown to limited by passivity requirements, which highlights the fundamental limitations of multimodal shunts. Based effective characteristics system around resonance, electrical ...