in asthmatic subjects there is a pronounced diurnal variation in bronchial responsiveness. if this phenomenon is due to variation in factors that control drug delivery, then it should be paralleled by a similar variation in competitive antagonist blockade. in order to study this possibility, we performed the methacholine challenge test and after 45 minutes, administered atropine by inhalation. ...

The use of trade credit as a short-term financing is increasing in the last years; large firms use more days to pay small firms than they need, which causes financial fatal consequences to suppliers. These financial problems are not new, but with the credit crunch they are coming up because the massive use of the trade credit impacts negatively on suppliers whose insolvency and bankruptcy risks...

Credit booms often cause economic expansions. But some credit booms end in financial crises yet others do not. To find out why, this paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model of production economies with adverse selection in the financial market. Entrepreneurs can take on short-term collateralized debt and trade long-term assets to finance investment. Funding liquidity can erode market...

Theory predicts that the quality of a firm’s information disclosure can affect the term structure of its corporate bond yield spreads. Using cross-sectional regression and NelsonSiegel yield curve estimation, I find that firms with higher Association for Investment Management and Research disclosure rankings tend to have lower credit spreads. Moreover, this transparency spread is especially lar...

The use of trade credit as a short-term financing is increasing in the last years; large firms use more days to pay small firms than they need, which causes financial fatal consequences to suppliers. These financial problems are not new, but with the credit crunch they are coming up because the massive use of the trade credit impacts negatively on suppliers whose insolvency and bankruptcy risks...

this study identifies and compares the antecedent of nigerian students’ perception on business social responsibility. part of its objectives is to examine the perception of business students in terms of importance of business social responsibility with respect to profitability, and the effectiveness of social responsibility in both long and short terms. the study reviews the related literature ...

How does the sovereign credit ratings history provided by independent ratings agencies affect domestic financial sector development and international capital inflows to emerging countries? We address this question utilizing a comprehensive dataset of sovereign credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s from 1995-2003 for a cross-section of 51 emerging markets. Within a panel data estimation framew...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of trade credit in the financing of French small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using specific data collected in a recent survey on small firms. We provide direct evidence that inter-firm credit offered by SMEs is sensitive to the strategic importance of firm size and position. Using existing theories, we also test a supply function and a model ...