Calculation of the design parameters current transformers (CTs) is very complex due to their magnetic and thermal properties, complexity structure, different ferromagnetic properties materials nonlinearity B-H curve core material. The secondary output these used for both measurement protection circuits. Therefore, AT's accuracy must be good precise. In this study, transformer modeled as 2D usin...

We present a formula of short-circuit power dissipation for static CMOS logic gates. By representing short-circuit current by a piece-wise linear function and considering a current flowing from input node to output node through gate capacitances, the accuracy is improved significantly. The error of our formula in a CMOS inverter is less than 15% from circuit simulation in most cases of our expe...

Active K+ secretion in isolated posterior midguts of Manduca sexta was studied by measuring the short-circuit current. One aim of this study was to verify the postulate from biochemical reports that the cooperative apical arrangement of a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and a K+/H+ antiporter drive the short-circuit current. Hence, we tested several specific inhibitors of the V-ATPase on the...

Increase in power generation capacity of electric power systems has lead to increase in the fault current level which can exceed the maximum designed short-circuit ratings of the switchgear. All the equipment therefore must have a short-circuit rating capable to withstand this level. Short-circuit currents contain extremely high energy and can damage electrical equipment. Typically, the circuit...

| We present formula of propagation delay for static CMOS logic gates considering short-circuit current and current owing through gate capacitance and using the n-th power law MOSFET model which considers velocity saturation e ects. The short circuit current is represented by a piece-wise linear function, which enables detailed analysis of the transient behavior of a CMOS inverter. We found tha...

Ion transport in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rat colon and ileum was studied using the Ussing chamber technique. No differences were observed between control and diabetic colonic mucosal short-circuit current under either basal or carbachol (100 nmol/L-1 micromol/L)-stimulated or prostaglandin E2 (100 nmol/L-1 micromol/L)-stimulated conditions. Similarly to colonic tissues, no differenc...

natural dye extract of walnut shell, was extracted using an ultrasonic processor and purified by hot saponification method, has been studied as a novel sensitizing dye to fabricate tio2 nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cells (dssc). the extract was characterized using uv–vis absorption spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared (ftir) employed to identify the anchoring groups in walnut...