Gas flows through micro shock tubes are widely used in many engineering applications such as micro engines, particle delivery devices etc. Recently, few studies have been carried out to explore the shock wave excursions through micro shock tubes at very low Reynolds number and at rarefied gas condition. But these studies assumed centered shock and expansion waves, which are generally produced b...

We construct exact, entropy satisfying shock wave solutions of the Einstein equations for a perfect fluid which extend the Oppeheimer-Snyder (OS) model to the case of non-zero pressure, inside the Black Hole. These solutions put forth a new Cosmological Model in which the expanding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe emerges from the Big Bang with a shock wave at the leading edge of the e...

thereby producing a nearly monotonic transition of flow properties through the shock Structure. Evidently, under these conditions, the dissipative terms in the modified governing equations are large in magnitude compared to the dispersive terms. The behavior of shock waves in transonic channel flow with varying Reynolds and Prandtl numbers is examined using analytical and numerical methods. It ...

There is a need for an effective and noninvasive treatment for intractable bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip. Forty-six patients with intractable bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip were retrospectively studied to compare the short-term clinical effects of treatment with high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs femoral head core decompression. The postoperative visual analog scale...

PURPOSE Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is well documented to exert destructive effect to renal cells and its mechanism is not clear. Autophagy is one of cell basic response for stressful conditions and it is important to determine cell's fate. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of autophagy in the process of shock wave-induced renal cells injury. METHODS NRK-52E cell...

Complex coronary artery disease with severe calcification can be challenging to treat, a higher risk of procedural complications and major adverse cardiac events. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is pioneering technology for the treatment critically calcified coronaries. IVL utilizing localized pulsatile sonic pressure waves at low provides novel approach lesion preparation severely plaques. The...

Free gas bubbles in water with radii between 7 and 55 microm subjected to a shock wave exhibit a liquid jetting phenomenon with the jet pointing in the direction of the propagating shock wave. With increasing bubble radius, the length of the jet tip increases and a lower estimate of the averaged jet velocity increases linearly from 20 to 150 m/s. At a later stage, the jet breaks up and releases...

The behavior of shock waves in transonic channel flows with varying Reynolds and Prandtl numbers is examined using analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that the location of the sonic line within the structure of a shock wave is independent of the Reynolds number and is coincident with the location of the corresponding discontinuous wave in the limit as the Reynolds number tends to infi...

[Purpose] This study compared the analgesic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy with those of ultrasound therapy in patients with chronic tennis elbow. [Subjects] Fifty patients with tennis elbow were randomized to receive extracorporeal shock wave therapy or ultrasound therapy. [Methods] The extracorporeal shock wave therapy group received 5 treatments once per week. Meanwhile, the ul...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the pain and function of patients with degenerative knee arthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty patients with degenerative knee arthritis were divided into a conservative physical therapy group (n=10) and an extracorporeal shock wave therapy group (n=10). Both groups received general conser...