The shock structure in a gas mixture undergoing a bimolecular chemical reaction is studied by means of a reactive kinetic model. Rankine-Hugoniot relations and entropy conditions are investigated. The role of Mach number and concentration fractions, as well as the change of chemical composition across the shock, are emphasized.

The dependence of the reaction initiation mechanism of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on shock orientation and shock strength is investigated with molecular dynamics simulations using a reactive force field and the multiscale shock technique. In the simulations, a single crystal of PETN is shocked along the [110], [001], and [100] orientations with shock velocities in the range 3-10 km/s. ...

Metal/fluoropolymer composites represent a new category of energetic structural materials that release energy through exothermic chemical reactions initiated under shock loading conditions. This paper describes an experiment designed to study the reaction characteristics of energetic materials with low porosity under explosive loading. Three PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)/Ti/W mixtures with dif...

Shock has been differentiated from hemorrhage on the basis of hemoconcentration, negative reaction to blood transfusions, and pathological changes in the tissues (1). In hemorrhage, dilution of the blood occurs while concentration takes place in shock. After simple loss of blood, prompt recovery follows transfusion, whereas in severe shock, the administration of blood is frequently unavailing. ...

Steady weak underdriven oblique detonations consisting of a lead shock attached to a solid wedge followed by a resolved reaction zone structure are admitted as solutions to the reactive Euler equations for eigenvalue shock wave angles. This is demonstrated for a fluid which is taken to be an inviscid, calorically perfect ideal gas which undergoes a two-step irreversible reaction with the first ...

Cellular events that execute life programs are ordered and reproducible, despite the noise and randomness underlying their biochemical reactions. The identification of the processes that ensure this robust operation is essential not only to uncover the salient design principles in organisms, but also to forward-engineer reliable genetic networks for biotechnological and therapeutic purposes. Th...

6-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (attz)is an explosive material, that has been synthesized from the reaction of 3,6-diaminotetrazine , with nitrous acid and then sodium azide. in the simplest terms, an explosive is defined as a substance, which on initiation by friction, impact, shock, spark, flame, heating, or any simple application of an energy pulse, undergoes a rapid chemical...