abstract background: diarrhea has been recognised as a major public health problem worldwide. aprospective study was performed to determine the etiology, seasonal and age prevalence, relevant laboratory investigations, sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to current medication, and practical approaches to the diagnosis and management of diarrhea in iran, as a developing country. methods: all ...

tant Shigella spp. Patients should avoid sex during symptomatic infections and wait for 2 negative stool cultures. Montreal public health officials investigated and counselled this patient as they do for every patient with Shigella infections. In Quebec, physicians and microbiology laboratories are notified of Shigella clusters and multidrug-resistant Shigella infections. To our knowledge, no o...

Infection by Shigella spp. is a common cause of dysentery in Southeast Asia. Antimicrobials are thought to be beneficial for treatment; however, antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. is becoming widespread. We aimed to assess the frequency and mechanisms associated with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin in Southeast Asian Shigella isolates and use these data to assess appropriate sus...

Shigella spp. are food- and waterborne pathogens that cause severe diarrheal and dysenteric disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Individuals most often affected are children under 5 years of age in the developing world. The existence of multiple Shigella serotypes and the heterogenic distribution of pathogenic strains, as well as emerging antibiotic resistance, require the deve...

[email protected] Gut microbiota play an important roles in induction of various cellular responses, including cytokine production. In this work, we examined the involvement of four intestinal strains in induction of the cytokine response (the relative expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) in intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were treated with cell-free supernatants (CFS) of four intestin...

The magnitude of shigellosis in developing countries is largely unknown because an affordable detection method is not available. Current laboratory diagnosis of Shigella spp. is laborious and time consuming and has low sensitivity. Hence, in the present study, a molecular-based diagnostic assay which amplifies simultaneously four specific genes to identify invC for Shigella genus, rfc for S. fl...

During a study examining causes of diarrhea from May 2004 to May 2005, 808 stool specimens were collected from patients with acute diarrhea in Tehran. Fecal samples were cultured and identified according to the standard biochemical methods. Molecular identification of enteropathogens was carried out by amplification of their virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 369 (45.6%) b...

BACKGROUND Shigella species (spp.) are a leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea in children worldwide. The recent emergence of quinolone-resistant Shigella spp. gives cause for concern, and South Asia has been identified as a reservoir for global spread. The influence of socioeconomic status on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries, such as those in South Asia, remains unknown....

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella...

The in vitro activity of azithromycin against enteric bacterial pathogens was determined by agar dilution. Azithromycin was highly active against Campylobacter spp. (MIC for 90% of strains tested [MIC90] = 0.125 micrograms/ml) and against enterotoxigenic, enterohemorrhagic, enteroinvasive, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (MIC90 = 2 micrograms/ml), Shigella spp. (MIC90 = 1 micrograms/ml), ...