Evidence is presented that endocytosis is involved in the transport to the cytosol of the cytotoxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shiga toxin, which acts by removal of a single adenine residue in 28-S ribosomal RNA. Inhibition of endocytosis by ATP depletion of the cells prevented toxin uptake. Exposure of HeLa $3 and Vero cells to toxin at low extracellular pH, where translocation to the cytoso...

BACKGROUND Shiga toxin causes net fluid secretion in rabbit jejunum by selectively targeting, and inhibiting protein synthesis in, absorptive villous cells. The effect of Shiga toxin on the colon, where it is presumably produced, is not known. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Shiga toxin on the rat distal colon. METHODS Net absorption of water and Na was determined by in...

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli has not been extensively studied for cytotoxin production. We evaluated 30 well-characterized enteroinvasive E. coli strains of all the known invasive serogroups from several geographic regions for their ability to produce Shiga-like cytotoxic activity assayed in a HeLa cell system. None of these strains produced cytotoxic activity that was neutralizable with ant...

The bacterial exotoxin Shiga toxin is endocytosed by mammalian host cells and transported retrogradely through the secretory pathway before entering the cytosol. Shiga toxin also increases the levels of microfilaments and microtubules (MTs) upon binding to the cell surface. The purpose for this alteration in cytoskeletal dynamics is unknown. We have investigated whether Shiga toxin-induced chan...

The mammalian retromer complex is a multi-protein complex that regulates retrograde transport of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) from early endosomes to the trans Golgi network (TGN). It consists of two subcomplexes: a membrane-bound coat comprising sorting nexin-1 (SNX1) and possibly sorting nexin-2 (SNX2), and a cargo-selective subcomplex, composed of VPS26, VPS29...

The bacterial exotoxin Shiga toxin is endocytosed by mammalian host cells and transported retrogradely through the secretory pathway before entering the cytosol. Shiga toxin also increases the levels of microfilaments and microtubules (MTs) upon binding to the cell surface. The purpose for this alteration in cytoskeletal dynamics is unknown. We have investigated whether Shiga toxin-induced chan...

Cattle are a known reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The prevalence and stability of Shiga toxin and/or Shiga toxin genes among native wild ungulates in Idaho were investigated. The frequency of both Shiga genes and toxin was similar to that reported for Idaho cattle ( approximately 19%).