Introduction: Development of higher energy modalities such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), has led to more complex shielding problems. This is due to several factors, such as the radiopharmaceutical relatively high-administered activity, high patient throughput, and high energies of 511 kilo-electron volt (keV) positron annihilation photon...

background: the shielding methods in radiotherapy due to delivering an accurate radiation dose to cancer tissues and avoiding unnecessary dose to normal tissues are very important. these methods include lead standard blocks, individual molding and multi leaf collimator (mlc). the mlc method is not still common in iran radiotherapy centers. individual molding is better than the lead block shield...

The oscillation of electrons, in a sufficiently intense pump wave, frustrates Debye shielding in the direction of the oscillation. One finds that such oscillating electrons cannot shield charge fluctuations over distances smaller than the distance they sample in a plasma period. One consequence is that the frequency of ion waves can be increased from the ion acoustic frequency to the ion plasma...

With the purpose of reducing stray radiation dose (SRD) in out-of-field region (OFR) during radiotherapy with 6 MV intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), a body-shielding device (BSD) was prepared according to the measurements obtained in experimental testing. In experimental testing, optimal shielding conditions, such as 1 mm lead, 2 mm lead, and 1 mm lead plus 10 mm bolus, were investi...

When considering the space limit of high energy LINAC facility in a hospital, the design of shielding wall is strongly required to optimize the wall thickness. Shielding wall usually consists of concrete, and iron plate is sometimes added in concrete to decrease the wall thickness. We investigated the optimum design of the shielding wall in medical LINAC facility by simulation. The calculations...

Katsumi Ohata* Junichi Sato* ABSTRACT: Magnetic shielding for strong magnets using a high-temperature superconductor that can be operated at liquid nitrogen temperature has been studied. Long and large-cross-section (9 mm wide and 0.5 mm thick) 54-filament Bi-2223/Ag tape was developed. Double pancake coils were wound using the tapes having sufficient bending strain tolerance for the react-and-...

In 1992, E.E.Podkletnov and R.Nieminen find that, under certain conditions, ceramic superconductor with composite structure has revealed weak shielding properties against gravitational force. In classical Newton’s theory of gravity and even in Einstein’s general theory of gravity, there are no grounds of gravitational shielding effects. But in quantum gauge theory of gravity, the gravitational ...

Parameter shielding refers to the situation that one test parameter disables others in test execution. The quality of test case generation techniques is limited by the wide existence of parameter shielding. It is challenging to automatically find out conditions that cause the parameter shielding. This paper presents a novel approach for exploring the shielding conditions of test parameters. Our...

Exposure to ionizing radiation in the space environment is one of the hazards faced by crews in space missions. As space radiations traverse spacecraft, habitat shielding, or tissues, their energies and compositions are altered by interactions with the shielding. Modifications to the radiation fields arise from atomic interactions of charged particles with orbital electrons and nuclear interact...

Radiation-shielding glass is utilized in a few applications such as nuclear medicine, (PET) scans, x-rays, or treatment use. Nuclear reactors additionally require shielding from radiation types gamma, and neutron emissions. the exploration industry fields, for example, cyclotron support testing of non-destructive materials, improvement airport x-ray machines. Notwithstanding, radiation-shieldin...