Failure to consider the costs of adaptation strategies can be seen by decision makers as a barrier to implementing coastal protection measures. In order to validate adaptation strategies to sea-level rise in the form of coastal protection, a consistent and repeatable assessment of the costs is necessary. This paper significantly extends current knowledge on cost estimates by developing – and im...

Linear and arcuate rilles (simple graben) represent some of the most distinctive tectonic features on the Moon. They have been interpreted to be linked to impact basin structure (Mason et al., 1976), and to the emplacement of mare deposits in the basins via flexural deformation related to the mare deposit load (Solomon and Head, 1980). Linear rilles are generally thought to represent deformatio...

a r t i c l e i n f o Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images reveal a pre-eruption deformation signal at Kizimen volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, where an ongoing eruption began in mid-November, 2010. The previous eruption of this basaltic andesite-to-dacite stratovolcano occurred in 1927–1928. InSAR images from both ascending and descending orbital passes of Envisat and ALOS PALSAR...

Once a landslide dam bursts, its reservoir discharges quickly in a flood which will cause catastrophic damage to life and property downstream. For a specific landslide dam, the peak flow rate and the evolution of downstream flood are influenced by the shape and size of the dike breach when dam-break occurs. According to the general nature of landslide dams and field observations of dike-breach ...

Introduction: Partial melting occurs in planetary bodies due to (1) temperature rise as heat is produced from radioisotope decay; or decompression as parts of the mantle rise due to (2) thermal convection or (3) overturn driven by compositional instability. Case (1) dominated early-forming differentiated asteroids heated by short half-life isotopes [1, 2] but is not relevant to the Moon. There ...

A finite-sheeted covering between surfaces induces a quasi-isometric embedding of the associated curve complexes.

[1] Correlation of KH9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images, airphotos, digital elevation model differencing, electronic distance measurement, and leveling survey data is used to constrain the deformation resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis. We find that diking typically extends to depths of 5 km, while the dike tops range from 0 km in the caldera region to 3 km at the northern end of ...

following a magnetic survey in saghande yazd region, the existance of a relatively important dike shape anomaly was detected. in the present study, this anomaly has been interpreted by the werner deconvolution method and parker standard curves. the location and depth of the uper surface of magnetic dike has been calculated by the werner method using a series of profiles perpendicular to the str...