The effects of scale on the estimated stresses and safety factors in the humeri of several bird and bat species were investigated. This was accomplished by estimating the lift distribution across the wings at two extremes of flight, gliding flight and the downstroke in hovering, finding the center of lift on the wings at these two extremes and calculating the applied bending and twisting moment...

To utilize the high mass fraction of silicon material in a nanosatellite based on microelectro-mechanical systems, part of the structural function has been assigned to the flat silicon stacks embracing these systems. Three modules for destructive testing in bending, warping and shearing cases were built with 68x68x1 mm silicon stacks bonded in aluminium frames by in-situ casting of silicone rub...

A semi-empirical elasto-plastic constitutive model with a hyperbolic stress-strain curve was developed the goal of predicting seismic compression unsaturated sands in funicular regime soil-water retention (SWRC) during undrained cyclic shearing. Using flow rule derived from energy considerations, evolution plastic volumetric strain (seismic compression) predicted shear strains hysteretic curve....

b = a length L c = the cohesion intercept M L T Ip = the plasticity index P = a force M L T u = the pore fluid pressure ML T θ = an angle Angle μ1 = shear strength reduction factor related to time effects μ2 = shear strength reduction factor related to fissuring σ = the normal stress on a plane M L T τ = the shearing stress on a plane M L T φ = the angle of internal friction Angle ψ = an angle ...

In this paper, to simulate mechanical stress on the cutter bar of the harvesting combine during cutting of wheat stems, first, shearing strength of the stems was measured for various moisture content levels and cutting heights. After that the cutter bar of combine was simulated by Abaqus with the specified conditions. The results of the simulation showed that with increase in moisture content o...

The mechanical response of clay mass can be significantly affected by the distribution and arrangement of the particles and the interaction between them. A series of compression and extension tests under drained and undrained conditions were performed on normally consolidated and heavily over-consolidated clay specimens with different microfabric. The experimental data indicates strong influenc...

A new, continuous stress direction dependent plastic potential is proposed for the stress strain behaviour of soils. The resulting flow rule is incorporated into a bounding surface plasticity model within a critical state framework. The hypoplastic bounding surface model thus formulated is employed to predict both the compression and shearing behaviour of soil for various stress paths in the p′...

Loose sand samples under different complex shear paths and directions of consolidation stress were simulated using bi-directional simple DEM models. Liquefaction characteristics corresponding meso-mechanisms analyzed, the following conclusions drawn. Bi-directional cyclic accelerated drop in vertical stress, especially first last cycles. Compared to uni-directional tests, contact force between ...