In this paper the analysis method from Majid (1963) for steel pitched portal frames is progressed so that we can study the influence of shearing action on the overall elastic critical buckling load when members are of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) material. For solid members of FRP the ratio of the longitudinal Young’s modulus to the shear modulus of elasticity can be significantly higher than...

A reduction of the shear resistance was introduced with the crack factor kcr in Eurocode 5. The factor 0.67 corresponds to cracks that have a depth of 1/3 of the beam width, which rarely occurs under normal conditions. The glulam industry in Sweden has not observed any problems or shear failures due to cracks with previously used shear values. Hence the design requirements do not seem reasonabl...

Metastasis contributes to over 90% of cancer-related deaths and is initiated when cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the basement membrane, and enter the circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). While metastasis is viewed as an inefficient process with most CTCs dying within the bloodstream, it is evident that some CTCs are capable of resisting hemodynamic shear forces to ...

Congenital heart disease with increased blood flow commonly leads to the development of increased pulmonary vascular reactivity and pulmonary arterial hypertension by mechanisms that remain unclear. We hypothesized a shear stress paradigm of hemodynamic reactivity and network remodeling via the persistence and/or exacerbation of a fetal diameter bifurcation phenotype [parent diameter d(0) and d...

In order to test the hypothesis that the increase of vascular resistance observed in vivo at low flow rates is due in part to blood Theological properties, the apparent viscosity of human blood was measured in small tubes in a range of shear rates. Pressure-flow relationships were obtained in vertical glass tubes (29 to 94 fjiin i.d.) perfused with blood at hematocrits between 0.13 and 0.65. Vi...

Using of CFRP carbon sheets because of their high strength, lightness and ease of use have been very expanded in retrofitting concrete members. Including shear walls systems FRP can be used in order to rebuild or maintain the strength of an aged structural member. Repairing, or retrofitting of the intact structural member is conducted to enhance the structural resistance that was deteriorated d...

Lightweight steel framing is a method in housing and construction that have been widely used in lightweight steel construction. In this method, the structure is built by cold formed steel elements. They are cost-effective, light, and easy to assemble. However, the performance of lateral load resisting systems in cold-formed steel structures specially the behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall...

This work aims to improve the rutting and fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt binders using selected nanoor micro-sized materials and to shed light on the microstructure changes induced by such modification to asphalt binders. The four modifiers (Nanomer I.44P, carbon microfiber, non-modified nanoclay and polymer modified nanoclay) were added into the control asphalt binder (PG 58-34). The S...

The liquefaction resistance of soil can be evaluated using laboratory tests such as cyclic simple shear, cyclic triaxial, cyclic torsional shear as well as field methods like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Shear Wave Velocity (Vs). In this regard, this study attempts to compare the results of the SPT based on the simplified procedure proposed by Seed and Idriss...