This paper presents a characterisation of and definitions for the phenomenon of masking in the context of justifications for entailments in ontologies. In essence masking is present within a justification, over a set of justifications, or over a complete ontology when the number of justifications for an entailment does not reflect the number of reasons for that entailment. Four types of masking...

Image quality models usually include a mechanism whereby artifacts are masked by the image acting as a background. Scientific study of visual masking has followed two traditions: contrast masking and noise masking, depending primarily on whether the mask is deterministic or random. In the former tradition, masking is explained by a decrease in the effective gain of the early visual system. In t...

Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) have the advantages of both solid dosage form specially the stability and ease of handling and liquid dosage forms including ease of swallowing and pre-gastric absorption. We focused on taste masking and formulation of ranitidine ODT which disintegrates rapidly in the mouth within 60 seconds using super-disintegrants, special polymers, water soluble and even ...

Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) have the advantages of both solid dosage form specially the stability and ease of handling and liquid dosage forms including ease of swallowing and pre-gastric absorption. We focused on taste masking and formulation of ranitidine ODT which disintegrates rapidly in the mouth within 60 seconds using super-disintegrants, special polymers, water soluble and even ...

The objective of this paper is to extend a promising objective speech distortion measurement method, the Bark Spectral Distance (BSD) measure, with the auditory concepts of forward and backward temporal masking to improve its measurement accuracy. The results of this investigation show that automatic BSD-based speech quality ratings may be made to correlate better with existing MOS ratings by r...

The Modified Bark Spectral Distortion (MBSD), used for an objective speech quality measure, was presented previously [1][2]. The MBSD measure estimates speech distortion in the loudness domain taking into account the noise masking threshold in order to include only audible distortions in the calculation of the distortion measure. Preliminary simulation results have shown improvement of the MBSD...

Three amplitude-discrimination experiments within a backward masking task were carried out to study whether young children have a slower rate of perceptual processing than do adults. Rate of processing was defined within an explicit model of perceptual performance that allows the investigator to determine if rate is responsible for developmental differences in auditory discrimination. A develop...

Frequency selectivity can be quantified using masking paradigms, such as psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs). Normal-hearing (NH) listeners show sharp PTCs that are level- and frequency-dependent, whereas frequency selectivity is strongly reduced in cochlear implant (CI) users. This study aims at (a) assessing individual shapes of PTCs in CI users, (b) comparing these shapes to those of simulat...

The observation that near-threshold low-contrast visual distractors can equally influence perceptual state and goal-directed motor responses was recently taken as an argument against a sharp separation between a conscious vision for perception and an unconscious vision for action. However, data supporting the dual visual system theory have principally involved high-contrast stimuli. In the pres...