Butterfly-shaped tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorene (TBF)-based molecules (1 and 2) were designed, synthesized and well characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The single crystal X-ray structure of 1 shows the presence of intermolecular 3-D π-π stacking interaction and unprecedented "cold crystallization" in polycyclic aromatic molecules. We report for the first time, the "bottom-up" sel...

Vertical instability of a tokamak plasma can be controlled by nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields localized near the plasma edge at the bottom and top of the torus. The required magnetic fields can be produced by a relatively simple set of parallelogram-shaped coils.

Cage-shaped gallium complexes with a back-shielding framework of tris(m-oxybenzyl)arene were synthesized, their bottom arene rings tuned their characteristic Lewis acidity, which was supported by theoretical calculation as well as catalytic application in a hetero Diels-Alder reaction.

OBJECTIVE Examining the progression of a disorder cross- culturally may help distinguish elements common to addictions from those that are differentially shaped by culture. This study sought to construct a combined sequence of both problem emergence and recovery efforts with Native Americans. METHOD In a cross-sectional sample, 44 adult Native Americans (61% men) who had resolved alcohol depe...

The production rate of bottom quarks at hadron colliders exceeds the expectations of next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics. An additional contribution from pair-production of light gluinos, of mass 12 to 16 GeV, with two-body decays into bottom quarks and light bottom squarks, yields a differential cross section for bottom quarks in better agreement with data. The masses of ...

Approximation of acoustic Green’s functions through cross-correlation of acoustic signals in the ocean is a relatively young field that has become an area of interest over the past few years. Although the amplitudes of these estimates generally differ from those of the true Green’s Function, the estimated arrival structure can be highly accurate. Interhydrophone travel times extracted from thes...