Plant diversity generally promotes biomass production, but how the shape of the response curve changes with time remains unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap because the shape of this relationship indicates the extent to which loss of the first few species will influence biomass production. Using two long-term (≥13 years) biodiversity experiments, we show that the effects of diversity on b...

The construction of 3D anatomical shape atlas has been extensively studied in medical image analysis research for a variety of applications. Among the multiple steps of shape atlas construction, establishing anatomical correspondences across subjects is probably the most critical and challenging one. The adaptive focus deformable model (AFDM) [16] was proposed to tackle this problem by exploiti...

Calcium through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) is necessary for the long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength; however, NMDARs differ in several properties that can influence the amount of calcium influx into the spine. These properties, such as sensitivity to magnesium block and conductance decay kinetics, change the receptor's response to spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) protocols, a...