In order to study the influence of various factors on construction safety shallow buried tunnels, a multifactor evaluation model consisting 9 indicators, such as tunnel size, depth, surrounding rock condition and management, is established from perspective 4M1E by combining characteristics borehole-blasting method. It combines advantages subjective weighting method AHP objective CRITIC, determi...

Abstract Tunnel face is important for shallow tunnels to avoid collapses. In this study, tunnel stability studied with soft computing techniques. A database created based on the literature which used train some broadly adopted techniques, ranging from linear regression artificial neural network. The soil dry density, cohesion, friction angle, cover depth and diameter are as input parameters. te...

To solve the problem of a potential void near shallow rectangular masonry-concrete power tunnel, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detection technology is used and multiple GPR lines are placed to detect concealed void. The images circular square voids obtained, which can help increase accuracy identification. models that cover 9 created investigate how various forms positions will affect internal...

In order to ensure that the tunnel deformation and surface settlement are controlled within allowable range during construction process, design unit has compiled technical measures monitoring schemes for ground control of this project. Based on example a shallow tunneling project Subway line 8, paper analyzes discusses method in detail puts forward corresponding control.

Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) spawn in fall and hatch in spring; to protect their eggs over the winter they spawn on rocky reefs, where the eggs settle deeply into interstices. Uptake of water swells the eggs, further protecting them by lodging in crevices. Freshwater sculpin (Cottidae), the primary predator of salmonid eggs, are small, benthic fishes with malleable bodies and large heads. ...