introduction: scattered photon is one of the main defects that degrade the quality and quantitative accuracy of nuclear medicine images. accurate estimation of scatter in projection data of spect is computationally extremely demanding for activity distribution in uniform and non-uniform dense media. methods: the objective of this paper is to develop and validate a scatter correction technique t...

medicinal chemistry depends on many other disciplines ranging from organic chemistry andpharmacology to computational chemistry. typically medicinal chemists use the moststraightforward ways to prepare compounds. the validation of any design project comes from thebiological testing.studies of the binding site of vinblastine by a single cross—linking experiment identified it asbeing between resi...

in this paper, an interval approach is presented to achieve perfect selectivity and maximum sensitivity in distance relay zones, considering uncertainties. for this purpose, first, the uncertainties affecting the settings of the three zones of a distance relay are discussed. then, by using the monte-carlo simulation, the uncertainties are modelled and the impedances seen by the distance relay a...

background: gold nanoparticles (gnps) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. in combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage x-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. this paper reports the dose enhancement factor (def) due to gnps in 18 megavoltage (mv) beams. materials and methods: different geometrical 50-nm gnps configurations at a concentration of 5 m...

background: exposure conditions in ct examinations are quite different from conventional xray. in ct examination higher dose is given to patient in comparison with the dose in other diagnostic examinations. in order to calculate organ effective dose in chest ct, monte carlo simulation has been used in this study. materials and methods: the impact survey data were used to determine the parameter...

introduction: radioiodine therapy is an effective method for treating thyroid cancer carcinoma, but it has some affects on normal tissues, hence dosimetry of vital organs are important to weigh the risks and benefits of this method. the aim of this study is to measure the absorbed doses of important organs by mcnp (monte carlo n particle) simulation and comparing the results of different method...

Background: For an effective treatment planning in brachytherapy, it is necessary to know the accurate source dosimetric information such as air kerma strength, exposure rate constant, dose rate constant and redial dose distribution. The usual method to determine these factors is thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) dosimetry. Nowadays, another more accurate method is known to be the Monte Carlo ...

background: two protocols of aapm tg-51 and iaea trs-398 were compared followed by a measurement and monte carlo simulation of beam quality correction factor, kq, aapm tg-51 and iaea trs-398 protocols were compared for the absorbed dose to water for dw, and kq parameters. materials and methods: dose measurements by either protocols were performed with cylindrical and plane parallel chambers for...