limitations and exceptions of copyright is a main issue in the intellectual property law and it determines national welfare. limitations and exceptions strengths the community. thus, the justice among the owners and the community is essential. this article attempts to study the structure of copyright and limitations and exceptions and provides appropriate recommendations.

Following the paradigm of encapsulation of side effects via monads, the Java execution mechanism has been described by the socalled Java monad, encorporating essentially stateful computation and exceptions, which are heavily used in Java control flow. A technical problem that appears in this model is the fact that the return exception in Java is parametrized by the return value, so that method ...