in the last few decades, iran has experienced sharp fertility decline. studies indicate that women have a major role in childbearing; therefore, their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior. this paper examines the relationship between family power structure and fertility behavior in the tehran city. the data is collected from around 400 women in tehran who ar...

Apart from reflecting modern human dental variation, differences in dental size among populations provide a means for studying continuous evolutionary processes and their mechanisms. Dental wear, on the other hand, has been widely used to infer dietary adaptations and variability among or within diverse ancient human populations. Few such studies have focused on modern foragers and farmers, how...

In this paper, we describe an aspect of collaboration—emergent division of labor—wherein people interactively and contingently organize, maintain, and reorganize the division of labor. The emergent division of labor involves the following characteristics: (1) Emergence of division of labor, (2) Maintenance of division of labor, and (3) Reorganization of division of labor. The authors have claim...

Self-selection–based division of labor has gained visibility through its role in varied organizational contexts such as nonhierarchical firms, agile teams, and project-based organizations. Yet, we know relatively little about the precise conditions under which it can outperform traditional allocation work to workers by managers. We develop a computational agent-based model that conceives matchi...