The study of sex allocation in social Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) provides an excellent opportunity for testing kinselection theory and studying conflict resolution. A queen–worker conflict over sex allocation is expected because workers are more related to sisters than to brothers, whereas queens are equally related to daughters and sons. If workers fully control sex allocation, split ...

background: sex workers and hiv seropositive women are at high risk of abnormal cervical cytology. the objective of this study was to compare the cervical cytology among three groups of women: active sex workers, hiv-infected women, and general population in iran. methods: this was a cross-sectional study performed in hazrat zeinab, lavan clinics and drop in center (dic) in shiraz, iran. this s...

In 2008, Scarlet Alliance, the Australian Sex Workers Association, carried out a needs assessment among sex workers living with HIV in Australia. The research showed that HIV positive sex workers experience discrimination from within the community, are criminalised for sex work and subject to disclosure laws in some states and territories, and face stigma perpetrated by the media. Supported by ...

BACKGROUND Transgender women are a key risk group for HIV, and epidemiologic studies have attributed high rates of HIV infection to behaviors associated with sex work in this population. This systematic review compared HIV prevalence among transgender female sex workers (TFSWs) with prevalence among transgender women who do not engage in sex work, male sex workers, and biologically female sex w...

workers of operating rooms in hospitals are chronically in exposure to rather higher dose of chemicals, e.g. halothane and nitrous oxide, than general population. concern that exposure to waste anesthetic gases may cause mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic changes has provided the impetus for many recent studies. the goal of present work was to determine incidence of the fetal deaths and se...

CONTEXT Rates of HIV and AIDS have risen among U.S. Hispanics and in migrant-sending regions of Mexico and Central America, pointing to a link between migration and HIV. However, little is known about male migrants' sexual risk behaviors, such as the use of commercial sex workers. METHODS The prevalence and frequency of commercial sex worker use was examined among 442 randomly selected Hispan...

OBJECTIVES To explore sex workers' accounts of condom use and their recommendations about how condoms might be improved. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 female sex workers in sex work premises in London, UK and Amsterdam, The Netherlands. RESULTS The consistent and effective use of condoms was dependent upon client selection, sex worker control of the condom, communicatio...

IN MOST PARTS OF THE WORLD, SOME OR ALL ASPECTS OF sex work are criminalized. Consequently, sex workers have few legal protections and may easily be exploited or abused by clients, coworkers, and law enforcement officials. The isolation and disempowerment of sex workers, enforced by the threat of violence, may create barriers to negotiating safe sex practices, thereby increasing the risk for hu...