the issue of conflicting jurisdictions is certainly not new to law. it has long been known in domestic law systems. however, for public international law the issue of conflicting jurisdictions is relatively new. since the early 1990s we have witnessed an indisputable proliferation of international courts and tribunals endowed with the jurisdiction to deal with certain areas of international law...

a fair hearing in the courts requires the principles of procedure. because the arbitration is considered as private judgment, thus in arbitration hearing regarding to non-ceremonial proceedings, arbitrator or arbitration panel are bound to respect the principles of civil procedure in arbitration hearing. equal treatment with parties of arbitration and adversarial procedure are principles that a...

Several states have enacted statutes to protect minors from harmful or obscene materials disseminated over the Internet, as well as from pedophiles seeking to use the Internet to lure them into sexual conduct. State and federal courts have diverged in their analysis of the Dormant Commerce Clause’s impact on state regulation in these areas. While state courts have held that the Dormant Commerce...

Much of the literature on feminist judging concentrates judges and in appellate superior courts. This article extends that by investigating whether how manifests lower courts, which deal with vast bulk criminal offences civil claims. It does so through analysis transcripts non-trial proceedings Australian magistrates focusing judicial practices rather than gender or other known characteristics ...

the safavid dynasty was the first iranian centralized administration, which chose shia’a branch of islam as the official religion and the judicial system for iran. in safavi period the state officially established two separate and distinct court system. first the state courts (the urf courts) under the supervision of the secular minister of justice (divan-begi) and the secondly the islamic cour...

The article deals with the right to defence in criminal proceedings accordance international law norms. It is proved that ensuring one of basic principles justice and a prerequisite for achievement fair trial. Particular attention paid self-defence (defence person), through choosing legal assistance, assigned assistance. Attention drawn fact human rights courts based on same principles, respect...

Abstract On 16 June 2021, as a result of cassation appeal, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) ruled that reputation trademark is not determined by its qualitative aspects. This position should come surprise, two decades after judgment in General Motors Corporation v. Yplon SA (Chevy) case. However, justification SAC ruling indicates proceedings before Patent Office Republic Poland and Polis...

Competency to stand trial (CST) assessment of juvenile offenders is a relatively recent phenomenon, as are juvenile mental health courts. Factors associated with youths' ability to participate in legal proceedings are not well understood, regardless of the court venue. Using a sample of 324 juveniles participating in the Los Angeles County Juvenile Mental Health Court (LAJMHC), we sought to exp...

This Article examines the validity of the Commission’s position on the private enforceability of commitment decisions in national courts in the European Union in light of the current state of European law and other important procedural and practical considerations for third parties wishing to bring enforcement proceedings. As will become apparent, national courts faced with an application for p...