D-serine is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor coagonist. It is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase (SRR), but many aspects of its metabolism remain unclear, especially in the forebrain, which lacks active D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), the major D-serine degradative enzyme. Candidate mechanisms include SRR operating in alpha,beta-eliminase mode (converting D-serine to pyr...

In this study, trypsin-like protease activity and expression of serine encoding genes (PmPPAE1, PmPPAE2 - clip-serine proteases PmTLP1, PmTLP2 proteases) in the different tissues black tiger shrimp were determined. The level PmPPAE1 was highest hemolymph; meanwhile that PmTLP1 hepatopancreas. hemolymph white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-injected shrimp, PmPPAE1, upregulated by 2.32, 2.57 4.56-fol...

Proteomic profiling of Sengers patient fibroblasts and AGK knockout models identifies remodeling the mitochondrial proteome, including one-carbon metabolism enzymes, inner membrane serine transporters, sideroflexins, Complex I subunits assembly factors.

Ethanolamine is important for synthesis of choline, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in plants. The latter two phospholipids are the major phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes. In plants, ethanolamine is mainly synthesized directly from serine by serine decarboxylase. Serine decarboxylase is unique to plants and was previously shown to have highly specific activity to...

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the only species of Staphylococcus that is typically uropathogenic and possesses a gene coding for a D-serine-deaminase (DsdA). As D-serine is prevalent in urine and toxic or bacteriostatic to many bacteria, it is not surprising that the D-serine-deaminase gene is found in the genome of uropathogens. It has been suggested that D-serine-deaminase or the ability to...

In mammalian systems, D-serine is perhaps the most biologically active D-amino acid described to date. D-serine is a coagonist at the NMDA-receptor, and receptor activation is dependent on D-serine binding. Because D-serine binding dramatically increases receptor affinity for glutamate, it can produce excitotoxicity without any change in glutamate per se. D-serine is twofold higher in the spina...

Serine protease performs normal biological functions in cell. Serine protease are involves in coagulation, inflammation and immunity. Wide variety organisms produce serine proteases including virus, bacteria, animals and plants. Serine proteases are mono-meric enzymes. Serine protease are produced as inactive enzymes called zymogen and transported to other organs where they needed, which are th...

Using an antibody highly specific for D-serine conjugated to glutaraldehyde, we have localized endogenous D-serine in rat brain. Highest levels of D-serine immunoreactivity occur in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Localizations of D-serine immunoreactivity correlate closely with those of D-serine binding to the g...