Volitional swallowing in humans involves the coordination of both brainstem and cerebral swallowing control regions. Peripheral sensory inputs are necessary for safe and efficient swallowing, and their importance to the patterned components of swallowing has been demonstrated. However, the role of sensory inputs to the cerebral system during volitional swallowing is less clear. We used four con...

Asynchronous bimodal stimulation during prenatal development elicits higher levels of behavioral and physiological arousal in precocial avian embryos than does unimodal sensory stimulation. To investigate whether the increased arousal associated with prenatal bimodal stimulation has enduring effects into postnatal development, bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) embryos received no supplementa...

After Paul Broca localized the area responsible for producing speech in posterior region of left frontal lobe, John Hurling Jackson provided evidence showing presence different mental functions right and cerebral hemispheres. His theory was confirmed by discovery sensory language Carl Wernicke. Eduard Hitzig Gustav Fritsch identified motor cortex electrical stimulation. David Ferrier also used ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of latency of cervical dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential (DSEP) according to stimulation intensity (SI) and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS Stimulation sites were the C6, C7, and C8 dermatomal areas. Two stimulation intensities 1.5×sensory threshold (ST) and 2.5×ST were used on both normal and CTS patients. RESULTS In moderate CT...

The presence of cross-sensory influences on neuronal responses in primary sensory cortex has been observed previously using several different methods. To test this idea in rat S1 barrel cortex, we hypothesized that auditory stimuli combined with whisker stimulation ("cross-sensory" stimuli) may modify response levels to whisker stimulation. Since the brain has been shown to have a remarkable ca...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) receives input from sensory neocortical regions and sends projections to the basal forebrain (BF). The present study tested the possibility that pathways from sensory cortical regions via the PFC-BF and from the BF back to specific sensory cortical areas could modulate sensory responses. Two prefrontal areas that responded to stimulation of the primary somatosensory ...

conclusions the present research revealed that the number of days to reach oral feeding in our preterm babies was decreased by oral motor stimulation, which in turn conferred earlier hospital discharge. results transition to oral feeding was acquired significantly earlier in the infants in the experimental group than in the controls: 13 and 26 days, respectively (p < 0.001). likewise, the lengt...

Writer's cramp is a task-specific dystonia that leads to involuntary hand postures during writing. Abnormalities of sensory processing may play a pathophysiological role in this disorder. Electrophysiology studies in a monkey model of focal dystonia have revealed de-differentiation of sensory maps and the existence of single cells in hand regions of area 3b with enlarged receptive fields that e...

1.4.1 Experiment 1: Short-latency sensory afferent inhibition: The effect of recording site and conditioning stimulus intensity 14 1.4.2 Experiment 2: Short-latency sensory afferent inhibition after motor cortex 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation 16 1.5 Discussion 17 1.5.1 Short-latency sensory afferent inhibition: stimulus intensity and recording site 17 1.5.2 The effect of 1Hz r...