The aim of this work is to present a novel mechanical sensor-less control approach for permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors based on speed independent H functions. starting the motor and driving it from low rated are two significant problems in operation PMBLDC drives. commutation moment determined using speed-independent function. Since instant independent, may be anticipated even at ...

wireless sensor networks (wsns) arebecoming increasingly popular, and very useful in militaryapplications and environmental monitoring. however,security is a major challenge for wsns because they areusually setup in unprotected environments. our goal in thisstudy is to simulate an intrusion detection system (ids)that monitors the wsn and report intrusions accurately andeffectively. we have thus...