A simple and high sensitive method employing a hybrid long period grating (LPG)/chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) for refractive index (RI) measurements is proposed and investigated experimentally. The wide wavelength range of backward cladding modes are excited through the coupling and recoupling between LPG and CFBG. Experimental results indicate that the recoupled cladding modes between LPG...

Current research on effect of increasing concentrations (0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM) of different salts including NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and initial growth phase of Halostachys caspica were studied. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replications. Characters of percentage, speed and index of germination, seed healthy index, radicle, plumu...