straw intercepted drop impact energy or surface applied powdered phospho-gypsum reduced aggregate disperSeedling emergence is the crucial first step in crop establishment; sion the infiltration rate decreased more gradually, rehowever, crops frequently must penetrate or lift a thin, dense, soil quiring approximately 45 min to reach 10 mm h 1, comlayer called a crust, which is formed by drop imp...

Thirty doubled haploid (DH) lines of barley derived from F(1) of a cross between the six-rowed cultivar Pomo and two-rowed cultivar Maresi were examined for susceptibility to Fusarium seedling blight (SB) and head blight (FHB), measured by mycotoxin (nivalenol) content of kernels. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) polymorphism was analysed by using 53 decamer primers. Amplification produc...

Abstract Phytophthora medicaginis causing root rot of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) is an important disease, with genetic resistance using C . × echinospermum crosses as the main disease management strategy. We evaluated pathogenic variation in P populations aim improving phenotyping methods for resistance. addressed question individual isolate aggressiveness across four different seedling‐based...

The USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) maintains germplasm representing global diversity of small grains and their wild relatives. To evaluate the utility of the NSGC durum wheat ( L. ssp. ) accessions, we assessed genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in a durum core subset containing 429 lines with spring growth habit originating from 64 countries worldwide....

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Biotic resistance is often studied in the context of how interactions between native biota and invading species influence the success of those invaders. Seldom, however, is the strength of "resistance" compared biogeographically, where the ability of a species to impede invader establishment is contrasted between an invader's native and introduced recipient community. MET...

Fitness costs can delay pest resistance to crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and past research has found that entomopathogens impose fitness costs of Bt resistance. In addition, entomopathogens can be used for integrated pest management by providing biological control of pests. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera...

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst) remains one of the most significant diseases of wheat worldwide. We investigated stripe rust resistance by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) in 959 spring wheat accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Small Grains Collection, representing major globa...

Pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata Nirenberg & O’Donnell, is a problem for pines in both native and planted stands. The aerial phase of the disease results in shoot and canopy dieback, whereas soil or seedborne inoculum can cause damping off of emerging seedlings. Based on the extent of lesion development on inoculated shoots, families of Pinus radiata have been shown to differ signif...

Resistance to systemic diseases is often difficult to measure quantitatively because individuals can be scored only as either diseased or healthy. A technique is described for cloning individuals of Silene vulgaris plants using the tissue culture of seedling meristems. Inoculation of such clonally replicated genotypes within two families shows that segregation of resistance to anther-smut disea...