Influenza infection predisposes the host to secondary bacterial pneumonia, which is a major cause of mortality during influenza epidemics. The molecular mechanisms underlying the bacterial coinfection remain elusive. Neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus (IAV) enhances bacterial adherence and also activates TGF-β. Because TGF-β can up-regulate host adhesion molecules such as fibronectin and i...

patients and methods the study population consisted of all patients with type iiia gastilo open fractures of tibial shaft, with or without fibula fracture (caused by trauma). after wound irrigation, debridement, and wound swab sampling for microbial culture, all patients received prophylactic antibiotic regimens in fitting with their wound class. no topical antibiotics were used with a 6-month ...

Serial C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements appear to be helpful in following clinical course and response to treatment of serious bacterial infections in neonates, such as meningitis, septicaemia and osteomyelitis. In previous studies, serial determination of serum CRP could detect potential complications of meningitis, such as subdural effusion, purulent arthritis and osteomyelitis, and seco...

Influenza-related complications continue to be a major cause of mortality worldwide. Due to unclear mechanisms, a substantial number of influenza-related deaths result from bacterial superinfections, particularly secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel mechanism by which influenza-induced type I IFNs sensitize hosts to secondary bacterial infections. Infl...

conclusions the results of this study indicated that a decrease in oprd gene expression is an important mechanism of resistance in carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection. results our study showed that 94.2% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem, 99.5% to meropenem, and all were resistant to ertapenem. the oprd gene expression...

the objective of the present study was to determine the grades of nonspecific bacterial infection of genitalia of repeat breeding cattle by a simple and rapid test under field condition. for this purpose, a total of 100 crossbred jersey cows comprising of 80 repeat breeding animals presented for treatment and 20 normal cyclic (control group) animals presented for artificial insemination at thei...

conclusions our results demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of frog skin as a wound dressing, which has antimicrobial effects per se. this biological dressing shows promise as an effective biological wound dressing insofar as not only is it capable of resisting microbes and accelerating wound healing but also it is cost-effective and easy to use. results in the microbial studies, the bact...