political, social, and economic spheres of iran underwent extensive changes during the pahlavi period. these evolutions brought about far-reaching cultural, population, and physical effects. in this period, centralization, immigration, and development policies led to an increasing growth in the population of tehran and consequently housing emerged in the capital. while the small-scale construct...

iran has the longest political relations with russia among other great powers. this relation is resulted from neighborhood, trade, and cultural and racial factors between iran's people with some of the russia’s independent republics. purchasing of weapons by iran and participations of the soviet :union: in economic projects of iran helped the strengthening of the relations between the two ...

this kind of marriage (mir) is one of the controversial issues of pre-islamic iran. some have attributed it to all iranians while others have attributed it to a certain group in ancient iran. undoubtedly mir has never been specific to iran and similar typical examples can be found in other cultures and religions. this paper after presenting the history of mir looks at firdausi’s shahnameh that ...

The history of Shiraz University School of Medicine (the former Pahlavi University School of Medicine) is important if we are to understand the development of medical education in Iran during the 20th century. This medical school took a unique path to its development including full-time faculty members, use of English as its institutional language, and emphasis on self learning. However, the mo...

You Say Want a Revolution? Radical Idealism and Its Tragic ConsequencesDaniel Chirot. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. £25.00/$29.95. 192 pp.Bullets Not Ballots: Success in Counterinsurgency WarfareJacqueline L. Hazelton. Ithaca, NY: Cornell 2021. $39.95. 220 pp.Coping with Defeat: Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism, the Modern StateJonathan Laurence. £28.00/$35.00. 606 pp.The Last ...

Abstract Ancient Iranians knew well “bears”, in spite of the fact that they are not frequently mentioned oldest literature Zoroastrians. Despite classification bears as wild and demonic beasts, their common name was particularly affected by strong unexpected changes due to linguistic taboos, at least earlier phases. The present article investigates position within Pahlavi discusses some aspects...

the basic aim of this research is, to explain the nature of iran educational system from its modernization time till now. accessing this, historical analysis method was used. results show that basic characteristics in iran educational system are: imitating, militarism authority and religious orientation; that every one of them is an outcome arising from the streams that had important roles to e...