Species-specific probes against cytoplasmic rRNA and nuclear rDNA of Heterosigma akashiwo were designed on the basis of LSU and ITS sequences. FISH protocols for whole cell and nuclear were established to detect this alga. The results showed that the rRNA-targeted probe hybridized with cytoplasmic rRNA, showing strong green fluorescence throughout the whole cell, while cells labeled by rDNA-tar...

This note contains a proof of the exponential separation of depth-d circuits from depth(d + 1) circuits due to Håstad [Has89]. The separating functions are the Sipser functions, denoted fd+1,n. We use a simplified proof of Håstad’s second switching lemma due to Neil Thapen [Tha09].

ERICA FLEISHMAN*, NEIL MCDONAL†, RALPH MAC NALLY‡, DENNIS D. MURPHY§, JACK WALTERS¶ and TED FLOYD**†† * Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305– 5020, USA; † 1900 Klamath Falls Way, Las Vegas, NV 89128, USA; ‡ Australian Centre for Biodiversity: Analysis, Policy and Management, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University 3...

Following Labour’s defeat in the 1983 general election, Michael Foot resigned as Party Leader. In the election to choose his successor (contested under the new electoral college format) Neil Kinnock received over seventy-one per cent of the electoral college vote, enjoying the crucial support of all the largest trade unions, and he also emerged as the clear winner in the CLP and PLP sections (R...

The genus Oxystele, a member of the highly diverse marine gastropod superfamily Trochoidea, is endemic to southern Africa. Members of the genus include some of the most abundant molluscs on southern African shores and are important components of littoral biodiversity in rocky intertidal habitats. Species delimitation within the genus is still controversial, especially regarding the complex O. i...

The multiannual dynamic of the cyst-forming and toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum was studied over a time scale of about 150 years by a paleoecological approach based on ancient DNA (aDNA) quantification and cyst revivification data obtained from two dated sediment cores of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). The first genetic traces of the species presence in the study area date...

† We acknowledge the useful comments from Nerissa Brown, Woo-Jin Chan, Jeff Coulton, Neil Fargher, Sarah McVay, Gil Sadka, Andreas Simon and participants at the AFAANZ Annual Conference in 2005. This work was started by Andrew Lynch as part of his honour’s thesis at the University of Melbourne, and completed while Asher Curtis and Julian Yeo were PhD students at the University of New South Wale...