Bo'ković (2004) argues that what defines scrambling in languages such as Japanese is its ‘‘undoing’’ property (Saito 1989). Bo'ković (2004) and Bo'ković and Takahashi (1998) argue that this ‘‘undoing’’ property shows the way for scrambling to count as a last-resort operation, instead of being purely optional as is widely believed. In this article, I give empirical evidence that ‘‘undoing’’ does...

Existing analyses of German scrambling phenomena within TAG-related formalisms all use non-local variants of TAG. However, there are good reasons to prefer local grammars, in particular with respect to the use of the derivation structure for semantics. Therefore this paper proposes to use local TDGs, a TAG-variant generating tree descriptions that shows a local derivation structure. However the...

We present a theoretical analysis of one-time key based phase scrambling for image matching using phase-only correlation (POC). Phase scrambling is used for visual information protection of templates. The effect of scrambling on POC values is analyzed. As a result, the peak value, which is used as a measure of signal congruence, of the POC between nonscrambled signals can be estimated by observ...

In broadcast service operators would like the viewing of such a sufficiently corrupted video on the screen of the unauthorized viewer to allure potential customers without sacrificing the level of robustness provided by digital encryption techniques.A technique for embedding data in scrambled AVI video is described. The embedding technique is applied to the video sequence jointly with the video...

In this paper, we consider how to apply the sequence space and the shift register generator (SRG) theories to distributed sample scrambling (DSS), which exhibits the best performance in scrambling of small frame-sized signals. We first consider how to predict scrambling sequences using their samples, which is a basic problem for a proper synchronization within the DSS systems. Then for DSS scra...

The present study investigated the effects of phrase length and scrambling in the processing of Japanese sentences. Reading times of short phrases, long phrases, verbs, and whole sentences, measured by the method of self-paced reading, did not differ in terms of phrase-length order and scrambling. In addition, four types of sentences constructed on the basis of phrase-length order and scramblin...

Japanese speakers have a choice between canonical SOV and scrambled OSV word order to express the same meaning. Although previous experiments examine the influence of one or two factors for scrambling in a controlled setting, it is not yet known what kinds of multiple effects contribute to scrambling. This study uses naturally distributed data to test the multiple effects on scrambling simultan...

We present a theoretical analysis of one-time key based phase scrambling for image matching using phase-only correlation (POC). Phase scrambling is used for visual information protection of templates. The effect of scrambling on POC values is analyzed. As a result, the peak value, which is used as a measure of signal congruence, of the POC between nonscrambled signals can be estimated by observ...

We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme for obtaining quasi-uniform rate polarization scrambling at up to 752 krad/s in fiber optic systems by using cascaded multiple fiber squeezers with each one placed in a certain orientation. Additionally, this polarization scrambler is compatible with both single-polarization and polarization-multiplexing systems. We also show that scrambled SOP with thi...

Historically developed for secure communication and military use, CDMA has been identified as a major modulation and multiple-access technique for 3G systems and beyond. In addition to the wide bandwidth and low power-spectrum density which make CDMA signals robust to narrowband jamming and easy to be concealed within the noise floor, the physical layer built-in information privacy of CDMA syst...