the year 736 ah (1335 ce), death of the mongol ruler, sultan abu saeed, is known as the year in which the ilkhanid government collapsed in iran. in pursuit of legitimacy, however, the ilkhanid chiefs and viziers would give the crown to any claimant of genghis’ parentage and would govern the country under their name. as a result, they would give the rulership to some puppet ilkhans, mint coins i...

In this paper we consider an extension where the gambler has, at each round, K coins available for play, and the slot machines accept bets. If the player bets m coins on a machine, then the machine will return m times the payoff of that round. It is important to note that betting m coins on a machine results in obtaining a single sample from the rewards distribution of that machine (multiplied ...

In this paper discrete quantum walks with different coins used for odd and even time steps are studied. These coins are called hybrid. The calculation results are compared with the most frequently used coin, the Hadamard transform. Furthermore, quantum walks on the line which involve two or more quantum walkers with hybrid coins are studied. Quantum walks with entangled walkers and hybrid coins...

The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a valuable paradigm to study fairness considerations. Here, we tested developmental differences between altruistic and strategic motivations in fairness considerations using a version of the UG with hidden conditions. Participants were proposers and could divide coins between themselves and an anonymous other. Hidden information conditions involved division of coins w...

We investigate the structure of the currencies (systems of coins) for which the greedy change-making algorithm always finds an optimal solution (that is, a one with minimum number of coins). We present a series of necessary conditions that must be satisfied by the values of coins in such systems. We also uncover some relations between such currencies and their sub-currencies.

A COllective INtelligence (COIN) is a set of interacting reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms designed so that their collective behavior optimizes a global utility function. We summarize the theory of COINs, then present experiments using that theory to design COINs to control internet traac routing. These experiments indicate that COINs outperform all previously investigated RL-based, shorte...

This paper gives a survey about numismatic research fields where computer vision methods have the potential to improve the effectiveness and impact of research work. In total, five different parts of numismatic research areas are identified: the classification of coins into given types, the identification of concrete coin specimens, the identification of coins struck by the same die, the reasse...

Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a well-known method for elemental analysis in many different specimens for various applied studies. In this paper, we report an application of PIXE analysis for a series of ancient Chinese coins from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty (AD 618-1679). Ninety-six PIXE spectra were obtained from forty-eight samples of the ancient coins with the use of a Ge(...

The coin weighing problem is the following: Given n coins for which m of them are counterfeit with the same weight. The problem is to detect the counterfeit coins with minimal number of weighings. This problem has many applications in compressed sensing, multiple access adder channels, etc. This problem was solved when m is unknown. An old optimal non-adaptive polynomial time algorithm of Linds...