Through utilizing the nutrient-rich phloem sap, sap feeding insects such as psyllids, leafhoppers, and aphids can transmit many phloem-restricted pathogens. On the other hand, multiplication of phloem-limited, uncultivated bacteria such as Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) inside the phloem of citrus indicates that the sap contains all the essential nutrients needed for the pathogen grow...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic factors of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by hepatic insufficiency, the prognosis and the effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two patients with SAP (from January 2003 to June 2004) were divided into 2 groups, SAP with hepatic insufficiency group and SAP without hepatic insufficiency group. The r...

Science Activity Planner SAP is the primary science downlink analysis and uplink planning tool for NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Mission. (http:// mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mer). During each sol (Martian day) of mission operations, scientists and engineers use SAP to visualize the data acquired by the rover on previous sols and develop a plan of activities for the rover to accomplish on the next ...

Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP), an adaptor molecule that recruits Fyn to the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of immunomodulatory receptors, is mutated in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. CD4(+) T cells from SAP-deficient mice have defective TCR-induced and follicular Th cell IL-4 production and impaired T cell-mediated help for ge...

Among the putative virulence factors of Candida albicans, secreted aspartic proteinases (Sap, encoded by a family of at least nine genes) continue to attract the attention of many investigators studying the pathogenesis of candidiasis. Several early studies documented a correlation between the levels of Sap secretion and the virulence of different strains, but much stronger support for this rol...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the anti-fibrotic protein serum amyloid P (SAP) on radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) and fibrosis in a hamster cheek-pouch model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Hamsters received a single dose of radiation (40 Gy) to the left everted cheek pouch to induce significant OM. The protective therapeutic potential of SAP was evaluated using varying dosing regimens. The ext...

Extract from SAP is a leading provider of enterprise application software. Nearly 65 percent of the world’s fi nancial transaction revenue involves SAP software somewhere along the way. Traditionally, SAP’s offerings such as SAP Customer Relationship Management or SAP ERP (SAP Enterprise Resource Planning) have not only been applications, ...