Interactions between salt ions and lipid components of biological membranes are essential for the structure, stability, and functions of the membranes. The specific ionic composition of aqueous buffers inside and outside of the cell is known to differ considerably. To model such a situation we perform atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of a single-component phosphatidylcholine lipid ...

The effects of salts on the solubility of amphiphilic organic molecules are of importance to numerous atmospheric, environmental, and biological systems. A detailed picture of the influence of dissolved atmospheric salts, NaCl and Na(2)SO(4), on the adsorption of hexanoic acid at the vapor/water interface is developed using vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy and surface tension measurements...

The forces between colloidal particles at a decane-water interface, in the presence of low concentrations of a monovalent salt (NaCl) and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the aqueous subphase, have been studied using laser tweezers. In the absence of electrolyte and surfactant, particle interactions exhibit a long-range repulsion, yet the variation of the interaction for different...

Salty NaBr and NaI glycerol solution interfaces are examined in the OH stretching region using broadband vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are used to further understand the VSFG spectroscopic signature. The VSFG spectra of salty glycerol solutions reveal that bromide and iodide anions perturb the interfacial glycerol organization in ...

Hydrophobic nanopores provide a model system to study hydrophobic interactions at the nanoscale. Such nanopores could also function as a valve since they halt the transport of water and all dissolved species. It has recently been found that a hydrophobic pore can become wetted i.e. filled with condensed water or an aqueous solution of salt when a sufficiently high electric field is applied acro...

Shear instabilities were investigated in an exchange flow in a tilting channel. The channel is connected to a freshwater reservoir at one end and a salt water reservoir at the other end. When the channel is initially horizontal, a steady two-layer flow occurs that supports symmetric Holmboe instabilities. When the channel is tilted, as in closed tilting channel experiments, shear increases and ...

The freezing of water to ice is a classic problem in applied mathematics, involving the solution of a diffusion equation with a moving boundary. However, when the water is salty, the transport of salt rejected by ice introduces some interesting twists to the tale. A number of analytic models for the freezing of water are briefly reviewed, ranging from the famous work by Neumann and Stefan in th...

background: the aim of this study was to assess the effects of road deicing salt on the quality of the ground water resources in hamadan province during winter season. methods: water samples were taken monthly from thirty wells located around the hamadan-asadabad highway. the quality of well water was examined by measuring amount of sodium, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solid, elect...

While subjected to radiation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown enhance the production of radicals when added aqueous solutions. It has proposed that arrangement water solvation layers near water–gold interface plays a significant role. As such, structural and electronic properties first layer surrounding GNPs varying sizes were compared bulk using classical molecular dynamics quantum s...

The electrostatic coadsorption of the synthetic polypeptide poly-L-glutamic acid (pGlu) and the cationic hemicyanine surfactant trans-4-[4-(dibutylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide (D-CH3) is observed at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface with the spectroscopic technique of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). The adsorption isotherm of D-CH3 to the water/DCE interface is o...