Patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually have long-term neurological impairments. Endogenous neurogenesis might play a potential role in functional recovery after SAH; however, the underlying neurogenesis mechanism is still unclear. We assessed the extent of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to better understand the neurogenesis mechanism after SAH. We performe...

Although subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) comprises only 1% to 7% of all strokes,1 the loss of productive life years in the general population from SAH is comparable to that of cerebral infarction2 because of the relatively young age of onset and poor outcome in SAH.1,3,4 However, unlike other stroke subtypes, the incidence of SAH exhibits little geographical variation and did not significantly ch...

Objective Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is multifactorial in etiology. While prior studies have suggested a role for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in early brain injury after SAH, its contribution to the pathophysiology of DCI is unclear. Methods In the first experiment, wild-type (WT) and...

IMPORTANCE Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical-angiographic syndrome characterized by recurrent thunderclap headaches and reversible segmental multifocal cerebral artery narrowing. More than 30% of patients with RCVS develop subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Patients with RCVS with SAH (RCVS-SAH) are often misdiagnosed as having potentially ominous conditions such as...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous results showed that CGS 26303, an endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor, effectively prevented and reversed arterial narrowing in animal models of SAH. In the present study, we assessed the effect of CGS 26303 on ne...

BACKGROUND Nontraumatic spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological features of nontraumatic spontaneous SAH in China. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2008, the clinical data of patients with nontraumatic SAH from 32 major neurosurgical centers of China were evaluated. Emergent digital subtrac...

BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction and microthrombi formation are believed to contribute to development of early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine (i) extent of microthrombus formation and neuronal apoptosis in the brain parenchyma using a blood shunt SAH model in rabbits; (ii) correlation of structural changes in micr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrocephalus is an important complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the occurrence of acute hydrocephalus in a rat SAH model. METHODS SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=36). Sham rats (n=8) underwent the same procedure without perforation. MRI was performed 24 hours after SAH and the volume of the ve...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was undertaken to better clarify the risks associated with cigarette smoking and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS The study included 432 incident cases of SAH frequency matched to 473 community SAH-free controls to determine dose-dependent associations of active and passive smoking (at home) and smoking cessation with SAH. RESULTS Compared with never ...

Our previous study concerning brain trauma has shown that progesterone could regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the brain, which also has been proved to play important roles in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether progesterone administration modulated TLR4/N...