Production code generation with Model-Based Design has replaced document-based development and manual coding in various automotive domains such as chassis and powertrain. Safety-related applications are increasingly developed using Model-Based Design as well. For these applications, software development and quality assurance activities within Model-Based Design must meet the requirements of the...

The use of IPCs for safety functions is mainly based on the high quality of modern IPCs and the firmware tailored to them. The successful development of fail-safe I/O terminals and the high standard of fail-safe communication, such as Safety over EtherCAT, contribute to their successful usage. But how should calculations on a PC-based control system with provable safety be made? The tasks of fa...

Areas of computer applications are far wider than what people normally imagine. Besides the visible applications like word processing and the Internet access using your desktop computer, computer applications cover a vast spectrum of areas, from nuclear reactor and aircraft control systems, to vehicle antilock brake systems (ABS) and electronic toys like play stations. Some of these application...

Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique for the rapid analysis of multiple parameters of individual cells. One of the limitations of conventional methods for the analysis of cell populations is the determination of a single value for each cell parameter, which is considered representative of the whole cell population. In contrast, FC aims to obtain segregated data, corresponding to different cell su...

PURPOSE To reduce the chance of injury due to pneumatic tourniquet use, the minimum cuff pressure required to maintain a bloodless field should be used. The purpose of this study was to find out if Limb Occlusion Pressure (LOP--the cuff pressure required to occlude arterial flow) is lower with a wide contoured cuff than with a standard width cylindrical cuff at the calf, if cuff pressures based...

When microprocessors are used in a safety critical application, the software can be responsible for safety functions. Furthermore, software is also responsible for the implementation of the Fault Cover Factor, especially hardware faults. In this paper are discussed some important aspects that must be considered in a safety analysis work. Also it’s proposed a methodology to be considered in crit...

—Advances in embedded system technology have enabled automotive manufacturers to design electronic systems that introduce new features to the vehicles, improve their performance and increase safety. Following the successful use of fly-by-wire systems in aircraft, the introduction of drive-by-wire is expected in an increasing number of new vehicles. The electronic components used in these system...