according to the historians, the safavid dynasty was the pioneer of the shī‘ī ideology against the official rule of the ottoman empire in eastern countries. the safavid empire in iran came into being by the mutual assistance of the qizilbāsh troops rising form the geopolitics of asia minor. what is of importance, however, is the attitude and beliefs of these supporting troops of the safavid ord...

the crisis of the religios legitimacy of safavids close to the end of this dynasty’s governance triggered many uprisings and rebellions in different parts of their ruling domain. sheikh baha_al_din estiri was the leader of one of the most important uprisings in khorasan. the sheikh, who has been frustrated with the safavid court and government’s indifference regarding the ozbacks’ attacks made ...

While the subject of Venetian espionage in Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt been made to study baili’s intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues a systematic way. Through close scrutiny baili dispatches and other relevant materials State archives, this paper examines role diplomats Istanbul information-gathering Safavids. It demonstrates that used various te...

Abstract This article looks at the history of jesters affiliated with Iranian court during Safavid and Zand periods. I present several case studies ( dalqak ), featuring Kal ʿEnāyat Dalāleh Qezī from period Lūṭī Ṣāleḥ period. From various primary resources including memoirs, European travelogues, court-associated chronicles, relate accounts associated these personalities describe their unique r...

The Safavid society’s approach to sexuality and gender has made it a reference for the “pre-modern” discourse, in which manifest—in contemporary terminology—queerness fluidity. While is important not romanticize image of Orient as queer heaven, possible consider society an site inquiry that offers valuable insights on pre-colonial sexuality. A less discussed topic literature gendered sexual sla...