Fixation to the sacrum and pelvis is a problem in the operative treatment of spinal deformity. Previous testing of pedicle screws address axial pull-out strength, yet how screws are loaded in vivo remains unknown. The goals of this study were to determine the loads experienced by sacral screws when loaded as part of Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) sacral instrumentation and whether different anterior gra...

BACKGROUND The caudal approach to the epidural space has been used for decades to treat low back pain caused by lumbosacral root compression. The use of fluoroscopy during epidural steroid injection is the preferred method for placing the needle more accurately in the sacral hiatus, but it carries the risk of radiation hazard. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the anatomical struc...

OBJECTIVES   To report about our first short series of laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis-LION procedure-to the sacral plexus for treatment of different neurogenic bladder dysfunctions in patients in whom percutaneous sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) failed. MATERIAL AND METHODS   A unilateral sacral LION procedure was performed in four patients with a refractary interstitial cystitis,...

Here we use the description of a new specimen of the small caseid synapsid Casea broilii that preserves the sacral, pelvic and hind limb regions in great detail and in three dimensions, as a unique opportunity to reevaluate the early stages in the evolution of the sacrum in the lineage that led to mammals. We place this new material in the context of sacral evolution in early caseid synapsids a...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of sacral pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injuries is high. The sacral area is vulnerable to compressive pressure because of immobility and because the sacrum and posterior superior iliac prominence lie closely under the skin with no muscle layer in between. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess peak sacral pressure before and after use of PURAP,...

BACKGROUND Patients in intensive care units are likely to have limited mobility owing to hemodynamic instability and activity orders for bed rest. Bed rest is indicated because of the severity of the disease process, which often involves intubation, sedation, paralysis, surgical procedures, poor nutrition, low flow states, and poor circulation. These patients are predisposed to the development ...

For percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) in patients with chronic low back and/or leg pain, comparative efficacy of lumbar PEA between the sacral types has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to determine the comparative efficacy of lumbar PEA between the sacral types in chronic pain with lumbosacral herniated intervertebral disc (L-HIVD).A total of 1158 chronic low back and/or leg ...

Sacrum and pelvis structure and development in four species of Lacertidae currently assigned to different genera are studied: Lacerta agilis, L. vivipara, L. saxicola, Podarcis muralis. Size, shape, and position relationships between the cartilaginous elements as well as patterns and sequence of chondrification and ossification are given. Two sacral segments are characterized by a number of mar...

Aim of study: The objective of study is on sacrum for sacral hiatus due to its importance in epidural anesthesia. Place of study: This study was done in the department of anatomy at Velammal medical college hospital and research institute, Madurai, India. Period of study: This study was done during the month of February 2015. Materials and methods: 30 dry unknown human sacra from department of ...

The Currarino triad, also known as the “Currarino Syndrome”, is a rare complex of congenital caudal anomalies including three main features; a sacral bony deformity, anorectal malformations, and a presacral mass. We present an extremely uncommon case of Currarino syndrome in adulthood presenting with repeated episodes of meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging of spine was suggestive of caudal r...