Metastatic bladder tumors constitute <5% of all bladder tumors and metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder is very rare. We present a case report of a metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder. A 70-year-old woman without any apparent significant clinical history was admitted to the Department of Urology for gross hematuria. Microscopic findings of the transurethral rese...

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors resulting from neural crest tissue. GNs contain mature ganglion cells and Schwann cells. GNs most commonly occur in the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum. GNs rarely occur in the adrenal gland. A 45-year-old asymptomatic patient presented with an incidental finding of left renal mass. A 10 cm mass lesion located in the upper pole of the left kidne...

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and benign tumors that can occur at any anatomical site. GCTs are thought to originate from nerve cells, particularly Schwann cells. Their name derives from the fact that an accumulation of cytoplasmic lysosomes imparts the tumor with a granular appearance. They are most commonly observed in the oral cavity, skin and subcutaneous tissue, breast, and respirat...

Introduction: Diagnosis of neurofibroma usually is based on the specific morphology and arrangement of mesenchymal cells in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) sections, and detection of mast cells supports the diagnosis. Sometimes definite diagnosis from other mesenchymal lesions may be difficult. The aim of the present study was to compare S100 expression and mast cells count (as Gold Standar...

Myoepitheliomas are benign tumors which account for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. In this article, we report the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the hard palate in a 73-year-old man having a painless hard palate mass with progressive growth for one month who was admitted in Alzahra Hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sc...

Background: The usefulness of S100 as a prognostic marker and aid in follow-up care in patients with malignant melanoma as well as in individuals with various neurological pathologies is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate its release and clinical relevance in benign and malignant disorders beyond these indications to elucidate tumor and organ specificity of S100. Methods: S100...

Recent studies have demonstrated that cathepsin K seems to be a powerful marker in identifying the microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) family tumors such as renal perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas), alveolar soft part sarcoma, and translocation-associated renal cell carcinomas. However, the expression of cathepsin K in melanocytic lesions has not been well chara...

OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that WT1 and Bcl2 protein are detected in melanocytic lesions of the skin. We examined, for the first time, WT1 and Bcl2 expression in a variety of conjunctival melanocytic lesions to evaluate their diagnostic utility compared with other melanocytic markers. METHODS Protein expression and localization of WT1 and Bcl2 were studied by means of immunolabeling an...

Spindle cell epitheliomas of the vagina (SCEVs) coexpresses epithelial and mesenchymal markers and were first described as a "mixed tumors of the vagina." However, unlike mixed tumors of other organs, which are believed to originate from myoepithelial cells, SCEVs neither immunohistochemically nor ultrastructurally show features of myoepithelial cells. The present expanded battery of immunohist...

The pineal glands of donkey were light beige to dark brown, fusiform structure. It lies at the pineal recess caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum and caudodorsal to the third ventricle, just in front of the rostral colliculi and in between the para hippocampal gyrus. The pineal gland was supplied from the caudal choroidal artery and branches from artery of corpus callosum. The venous d...