marx,s viewpoint with regard to state had ever been an controversial discussion. he has two important viewpoint about existing state from political sociology viowpiont. one of that state depends of them relative independent from classes. in this article we tried to consider only the first marx,s viowpiont that class dependency on state in it. where is the basis of state, why he belive it depend...

according to halabi, a theologian and jurist in fifth century (ah), a human being is a responsible creature who needs a guide to carry out his responsibilities. while imam mahdi was present, one had to refer to him for guidence, but in his absence one has to refer to a just faqih. thus, there is no other choice; all other ruling systems lacking legitimacy.

justice is an original fact in the universe. it isnot conventional. and, it refers to the consideration of proportion in doing anything. imam ali lived in harmony with the originally created justice in the universe. he observed the justice in the heavens and the earth and did his best to apply it to his own life and to the islamic society, as well. he thought justice was the cause for the survi...

We have proposed a novel application of Markov decision processes (MDPs), a reinforcement learning technique, to automatically generate hints using historical student data. Using this technique, we have modified a an existing, non-adaptive logic proof tutor called Deep Thought with a Hint Factory that provides hints on the next step a student might take. This paper presents the results of our p...