An M-space is a metric space (X, d) having the property that for each pair of points p, q ∈ X with d(p, q) = λ and for each real number α ∈ [0, λ], there is a unique rα ∈ X such that d(p, rα) = α and d(rα, q) = λ − α. In an M-space (X, d), we say that metric segments have unique prolongations if points p, q, r, s satisfy d(p, q) + d(q, r) = d(p, r), d(p, q) + d(q, s) = d(p, s) and d(q, r) = d(q...

We show that the Hausdorff metric over constant-size pointsets in constant-dimensional Euclidean space admits an embedding into constant-dimensional `∞ space with constant distortion. More specifically for any s, d ≥ 1, we obtain an embedding of the Hausdorff metric over pointsets of size s in d-dimensional Euclidean space, into `s ∞ with distortion sO(s+d). We remark that any metric space M ad...

The notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  Probabilistic Metric space was  introduced by Karl Menger. Alsina, Schweizer and Sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of Menger [1]. In this note we study the PN spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

In this paper, we propose a new definition of intuitionistic fuzzyquasi-metric and pseudo-metric spaces based on intuitionistic fuzzy points. Weprove some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy quasi- metric and pseudo-metricspaces, and show that every intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo-metric space is intuitionisticfuzzy regular and intuitionistic fuzzy completely normal and henceintuitionistic fuzzy nor...

motivated by samet et al. [nonlinear anal., 75(4) (2012), 2154-2165], we introduce the notions of $alpha$-$phi$-fuzzy contractive mapping and $beta$-$psi$-fuzzy contractive mapping and prove two theorems which ensure the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for these two types of mappings. the presented theorems extend, generalize and improve the corresponding results given in the literature.

in this paper, the matsumoto metric with special ricci tensor has been investigated. it is proved that, if  is ofpositive (negative) sectional curvature and f is of  -parallel ricci curvature with constant killing 1-form ,then (m,f) is a riemannian einstein space. in fact, we generalize the riemannian result established by akbar-zadeh.

the aim of this paper is to establish random coincidence point results for weakly increasing random operators in the setting of ordered metric spaces by using generalized altering distance functions. our results present random versions and extensions of some well-known results in the current literature.

n this paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems for multivalued mappings and we present some new generalization contractive conditions under the condition of weak compatibility. our results extends chang-chen’s results  as well as ´ciri´c results. an example is given to support the usability of our results.

let (x, d) be a compact metric space and f : x → x be a continuous map. consider the metric space (k(x),h) of all non empty compact subsets of x endowed with the hausdorff metric induced by d. let ¯ f : k(x) → k(x) be defined by ¯ f(a) = {f(a) : a ∈ a} . we show that block-coppels chaos in f implies block-coppels chaos in ¯ f if f is a bijection.